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TRI 3 - NS > Exam 1 info > Flashcards

Exam 1 info Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the ventricles in the brain

A 
Lateral ventricles
Intraventricular foramen
Third ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct
Fourth ventricle
Central canal
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2
Q

Describe neurulation

A

Formation of neural crest and neural tube

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3
Q

What types of deficits can occur in neurilation

A

Spina bifida

Anencephaly - failure of anterior neuropore to close

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4
Q

What makes up the Brainstem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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5
Q

What type of cells give rise to the CNS

A

Ectodermal cells

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6
Q

What are the important flexures of the developing brain

A

Cephalic - brain/ brainstem
Cervical - spinal cord / brain
Pontine - cerebellum

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7
Q

What is in the ventral portion

A

Basal plate - motor system

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8
Q

What is in the Dorsal portion

A

Alar plate - sensory

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9
Q

What type of neurons do mammals mostly have

A

Multipolar - lots of synapses

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10
Q

What is a glial cell

A

the myelinating cells
CNS - oligodendrocytes
PNS - Schwan cells

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11
Q

What are some terms synonymous with white matter

A 
Tracts
Fascicle
Lemniscus
Bundle
Commissure
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12
Q

Differentiate between sensory and motor pathways

A

SAD - sensory, afferent, dorsal

MEV - motor, efferent, ventral

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13
Q

Describe some important features of the spinal cord

A

Cervical enlargement - brachial plexus
Lumbosacral enlargement - lumbosacral plexus
Cauda equina - termination of spinal cord at L2

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14
Q

What is the neurotransmitter in the SNS

A

Norepinephrine

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15
Q

What is the neurotransmitter in the PSNS

A

Acetylcholine

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16
Q

Where is the primary Motor cortex

A

Precentral girus

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17
Q

Where is the primary Sensory cortex

A

Postcentral gyrus

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18
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex

A

Calcarine fissure on the occipital lobes

19
Q

Where is the primary auditory cortex

A

Transverse gyri of Heschel

20
Q

Where is the pyramidal decussation

A

Junction between medulla and spinal cord

21
Q

What does the DCML transmit

A

Proprioception
Vibration
Fine touch

22
Q

What does the spinothalamic pathway transmit

A

Pain
Temperature
Crude touch

23
Q

What sense does not synapse at the thalamus

A

olfaction

24
Q

What does the limbic system regulate

A 
Emotion
Memory
Appetite
Autonomic
Neuroendocrine
Olfaction
25
Q

What is the difference between uni and heteromodal association coortexes

A

Uni - single sensory or motor modality, unimodal; visual association cortex
Hetero - multiple sensory or motor modalities, prefrontal

26
Q

What is Gerstmann’s syndrome

A

Difficulty with calculations
Right left confusion
Finger Agnosia
Difficulty with written language

27
Q

What is extinction

A

Loss of sensation to side contralateral to the lesion

28
Q

What are the cerebral arteries in anterior circulation

A

ACA
Acomm
MCA
ICA

29
Q

What are the cerebral arteries in the posterior circulation

A

PCA

30
Q

What are the cerebral arteries in the cerebral circulation

A

SCA
AICA
PICA

31
Q

What are the 6 steps of the motor examination

A 
Observation
Inspection
Palpation
Muscle tone testing
Functional testing
Strength testing
32
Q

What impairment is associated with huntingtins disease

A

chorea

33
Q

What does fMRI look like

A

fire in the brain

34
Q

What does PET look like

A

rainbows in the brain

35
Q

What is TMS

A

measures brain activity

36
Q

What is tDCS

A

transcranial direct current stimulation

used to prime motor learning

37
Q

What is DBS

A

Deep brain stimulation

helps relieve symptoms of Parkinson’s

38
Q

What is BDNF

A

Brain derived neurotrophic factor

key mediator of neuroplasticity

39
Q

What is the pathway of a first order neuron in the posterior column

A

receptor - spinal cord - medulla

40
Q

What is the pathway of a second order neuron in the posterior column

A

Medulla - crosses in medulla - thalamus

41
Q

What is the pathway of a third order neuron in the posterior column

A

thalamus - post central gyrus

42
Q

What is the pathway of a first order neuron in the anterior column

A

Skin - dorsal grey matter

43
Q

What is the pathway of a second order neuron in the anterior column

A

Dorsal grey matter - decussates to anterolateral white matter - thalamus

44
Q

What is the pathway of a third order neuron in the anterior column

A

thalamus - Post central gyrus

TRI 3 - NS (13 decks)

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