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TRI 3 - NS > Exam 3 content 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 content 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the brainstem

A

A compact area the nearly all the information headed to and from the brain passes through

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2
Q

Describe CN 1

A 
Olfactory
Detects odor
Exits skull at cribriform plate
Damage
 - anosmia - olfactory loss
 - unilateral deficits go unnoticed
Causes
 - head trauma, viral infections, PD, Alzheimer's, intracranial lesions
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3
Q

Describe CN 2

A 
Optic
Seeing
Exits skull via optic canal
Nucleus: LGN
Damage
 - Monocular vision loss
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4
Q

Describe CN 3

A

Oculomotor
Eye movement
Exits skull in superior orbital fissure
Nucleus: midbrain

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5
Q

Describe CN 4

A 
Trochlear
Eye movement
Exits skull in superior orbital fissure
Nucleus: Midbrain
Innervates superior oblique
Moves eye down and medial
Damage
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6
Q

Describe CN 5

A

Trigeminal
Ophthalmic - Superior orbital fissure
Maxillary - Foramen rotundum
Mandibular - Foramen ovale - muscles of mastication

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7
Q

Describe Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Brief recurrent episode of facial pain lasting seconds to minutes
Provoked by chewing or shaving
Happens in MS patients
Treat with medication

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8
Q

Describe CN 6

A 
Abducens 
Superior orbital fissure
Nucleus: Pons
Motor to lateral rectus
Turns eye outward
Damage
 - difficulty turning eye outward, medial strabismus or diplopia
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9
Q

Describe CN 7

A

Facial nerve
Controls muscles of facial expression, tear production, taste in anterior 2/3 of tongue
Exits skull via internal auditory meatus, exits stylomastoid foramen
Nucleus: caudal pons

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10
Q

Describe UMN and LMN facial nerve lesions

A

UMN - lower face weakness, forehead spared

LMN - Bells palsy, full face weakness

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11
Q

Describe CN 8

A

Vestibulocochlear
Balance and hearing
Exits skull via internal auditory canal

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12
Q

Describe sensorineural hearing loss

A

Disorders of cochlea and CN 8

Caused by exposure to loud sounds, Meniere’s disease, tumor

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13
Q

Describe Conductive hearing loss

A

Abnormalities of external auditory canal or middle ear

Caused by otitis, tympanic membrane perforation

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14
Q

Describe the Rinne test

A

Tests for conductive hearing loss

Tuning fork on mastoid to compare air and bone transduction

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15
Q

Describe the Weber test

A

Used to determine sensorineural hearing loss

Tuning for in center of skull, if quiet there is hearing loss

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16
Q

Describe vertigo

A

Can be caused by lesions along the vestibular pathway

17
Q

Describe cranial nerve 9

A

Glossopharyngeal
Sensation to posterior tongue and pharynx
Jugular foramen

18
Q

Describe CN 10

A

Vagus
Parasympathetic to heart, lungs, digestive
Jugular foramen

19
Q

Describe CN 11

A

Spinal accessory
Upper 5-6 cervical segments
SCM, upper traps
Foramen magnum

20
Q

Describe CN 12

A

Hypoglossal
Tongue movement
Hypoglossal canal

21
Q

Starting from up and out and ending with up and in what eye muscles do what movements

A 
Superior rectus - up, in
Lateral rectus - out
Inferior rectus - down, out
Superior oblique - down, in
Medial rectus - in
Inferior oblique up, in
22
Q

Describe a coma

A

Unrousable unresponsiveness in which patient lies with eyes closed
Minimal duration of 1 hour
Disfunction of upper brain stem
Coma is not a long lasting condition

23
Q

Describe a vegetative state

A

Sleep wake cycles present
May open their eyes
Grunt
No meaningful gestures or speech

24
Q

Describe a minimally conscious state

A

Minimal or variable degree of responsiveness

Able to follow simple commands

25
Q

Describe Millard-gubler syndrome

A

Basilar artery
Contralateral weakness of UE and LE
Ipsilateral gaze weakness
Ipsilateral weakness of the face

26
Q

Describe Raymond syndrome

A

ipsilateral gaze weakness

Contralateral weakness of UE and LE

27
Q

Describe medal medullary syndrome

A

Contralateral weakness UE and LE
Contralateral sensory loss
Ipsilateral tongue weakness

28
Q

Describe Inferior medial pontine syndrome

A

Contralateral weakness of UE and LE
Ipsilateral gaze weakness
Ipsilateral weakness of the face

29
Q

Describe a Lacunar stroke

A 
Pure Motor syndromes
 - Contralateral weakness of face and UE and LE
Pure sensory syndromes
 - Contralateral sensory loss of face, UE and LE
Ataxic hemiparesis
 - Contralateral weakness
 - Ataxia
Clumsy hand
 - Dysarthria
 - Dysphagia
 - clumsy hand
30
Q

Describe an AICA stroke

A

Affects lateral pons
Ataxia
Contralateral weakness
Contralateral sensory loss

TRI 3 - NS (13 decks)

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