Unipolar/Bipolar Depression Flashcards
Name some of the specifers of depression in the DSM 5.
Melancholic Features, Catatonic Features, Peripartum Onset
Name some of the Depressive symptoms of a Major Depressive Episode.
Sad mood, lost of interests, appetite and sleep disturbances, loss of energy, motor disturbances, diminished concentration. feelings of excessive guilt/hopelessness, recurrent suicidal ideation.
That is Dysthymia?
Less severe than major depression, but more chronic. Two of following: appetite change, low SE, insomnia, concentration probs, low energy, hopelessness.
What is the median age of depression? Is there a gender difference? Why?
Median age 30 yrs. Women twice as likely as men. Possibly due to willingness to admit, stressors, biology.
What are some of the associated problems with depression?
Suicide, Occupational/Social Activities, Anxiety, Physical Health.
Name the biological factors accociated with depression.
reduced neurotransmitters in synapses, lower efficacy in serotonin reuptake, hyperactivity in HPA axis, abnormalities in prefrontal regions, amygdala, anterior singulate cortex.
Explain Beck’s Cognitive Theory of depression.
Negative Early experience creates dysfunctional beliefs, and later on a critical incident occurs and dysfunctional beliefs are activated. Aspects of Negative Triad and the beliefs result in symptoms of depression.
What is Expressed Emotion (EE)
interation style where family members are overly protective and self sacrificing towards a person with a psychological disorder, while expressing high criticism and hostility.
What are some of the protective factors of depression?
connectivness, achievement, openness, effective coping skills, positive rships, good interpersonal skills, family cohersion.
Name some antidepressants for depression treatment.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, Tricyclic Antidepressants
What is repetative transcranial magnetic stimulation?
Magnetic Pulses to change neuron function.
What are some options for replapse prevention for depression?
Mindfulness, physical activity, self help books.
What is Bipolar Disorder?
Marked by manic/hypermanic episodes and depressive episodes (mood alteration cycle).
What is mania?
Elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally persistently increased goal directed activity of energy (for 1 week and 3 of following: inflated SE, sleep disturbance, flight of ideas, heightened activity, gradiosity, pressure of speech, distractability, risk taking.
What is the difference between BP I and II?
BP I is when a depressive episode can be present, but not always, significant distress and mania. Bipolar II is when a depressive episode is present, as well as hypomania and significant distress, but no mania.
