Personality Disorders Flashcards
What are the core features of personality disorders?
functional inflexibility, self defeating behaviour patterns, tenuous stability under stress
What are personality disorders
Occur when pervasive patterns of thinking, feeling and behaviour differ markedly from social/cultural expectations and cause significant distress and impaired functioning
What is Schizotypal PD?
pervasive pattern of inhibited/innappropriate behaviour anf abnormal cognitions/disorganised speech (less severe pos and neg symptoms of schizophrenia) Often includes magical thinking and illusions
What is Paranoid PD?
pervasive, unwarrented mistrust, and suspition of others (old, sensitive to critisism)
What is Schizoid PD?
pervasive pattern of lack of interest and avoidance of interpersonal r/ships and emotional coldness when interacting (preference to detach)
What are the aetiological facts about Cluster A personality disorders?
genetic contribution same as schizophrenia, similar brain deficits and attention probems, high dopamine, frontal abnornalities
What are the treatment options for Cluster A?
CBT (with thought/mood monitoring), exposure therapy, low dose of antipsychotics)
What is Narcissistic PD?
pervasive pattern of experiencing inflated thoughts of one’s worth as well as an obliviousness to others needs and exploitative arrogant demeanor
What does the limited aetiology tell us about Narcissistic PD?
cold care givers, high heritability, early failure to learn empathy
What is Histrionic PD?
pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and intense need for attention and approval which is saught by means of overly dramatic, seductive behaviour
What is the aetiology of Histrionic PD?
inconsistent parent child interactions, “active dependent”, often misdiagnosed
What are the treatment options for Histrionic PD?
CBT to assist with identification and challenging assumptions
What is Borderline PD?
pervasive pattern of unstable mood/self concept/interpersonal r/ships/impulse control
What is the aetiology of Borderline PD?
genetics (neurotisism), core elements linked to prefrontal cortex deficits, childhood trauma, insecure attachment, HPA hyperactivity due to trauma
What are the treatment options for Borderline PD?
psychodynamic and schema therapy, cognitive analytic therapy, DBT
What is Antisocial PD?
pervasive pattern of criminal, impulsive, callous, ruthless behaviour predicted upon violation of others rights and absence of respect for social norms
What is the Somatic Marker Hypothesis?
ppl form associations between emotions and behaviours during environmental experience (somatic markers); when similar encounters are experienced again associations are reexperiencd
What is the violence inhibition mechanism?
assumes activated whenever distress cues are present to inhibit aggressive behaviour (dysfunction to amygdala)`
What is the difference between antisocial PD and psychopathy?
Psychopathy also involves antisocial behaviours, but is also concerned more with emotional attachment (lack of empathy)
What can treatment for Antisocial PD focus on?
comorbid disorders and risk managment (meds can be used to manage impulsivity and aggression)
What is Dependent PD?
pervasive need to be cared for and fear of rejection which leads to total dependence/submission to others
What are the treatment options for Dependent personality disorder?
behavioural strategies for anxiety managmentt and cognitive techniques to challenge dysfunctional beliefs
What is Avoidant PD?
pervasive anxiety, sense of inadequacy and fear of being critisised that leads to avoidance, restraint and anxiety in social situations
What is the aetiology of Avoidant PD?
temperament, early development (social withdrawal, negative reactions strengthened), neglect, schemas in relation to defeatedness and abandonment
What is Obsessive Compulsive PD?
pervasive rigidity in ones activities and relationships (emotional constriction, perfection, anxiety from slight interuptions in routine, high standards)
What is the aetiology of OCPD?
moderate genetics (nigh neurotisism, consientiousness, agreeableness), negative interpersonal experience, tasks to avoid punishment, perfection striving
What are the treatment options for OCPD?
CBT (challenging dysfunctional beliefs, graded homework, exposure)
Explain Young’s Schema Therapy Model
Schemas are organised information in memory that once established operate automatically to influence info processing and responses. Early maladaptive schemas form from failure to meet child’s core emotional needs. The therapy involves an extensive assessment phase focusing on identifying early maladaptive schemas, how they are managed and then education and change can occur
Explain Linehan’s Biosocial Model.
dysfunction in emotional regulation system as a result of interaction and cumulative effects overtime of a biologically based emotional vulnerability and negative experience.
What is Dialectual Behaviour Therapy
addresses dysregulation with an inititial focus on engagement and commitment to therapy. It involves mindfulness, distress tolerance skills, interpersonal effectivness, and emotional regulation skills
Explain Ryle’s Cognitive Analytic Therapy
integrative approach combining cognitive psychology and object relations. internal dynamic relational patterns shape the way a child relates to the world (neurological factors + early trauma/neglect = maladaptive ways of relating
What does the multiple states model state?
focus on dissasociation between different aspects of self, deficient capacity for self reflection
