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Britain c1785-1875 > Unionism and Co-operation > Flashcards

Unionism and Co-operation Flashcards

1
Q

Which act made it illegal to not fulfil a contract of work (thus harder to strike)?

A

1823 Master and Servant Act

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2
Q

Which act outlawed trade unions to advance wages or shorten working day?

A

1799/1800 Combination Acts

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3
Q

How many members did the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union (GNCTU) have by 1833?

A

500,000

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4
Q

Problems with GNCTU?

A

No support from most important trades (builders, potters, spinners and clothiers) and poor communication

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5
Q

Tolpuddle Martyrs (1834) facts?

A

6 men convicted of ‘administering illegal oaths’ when setting up a Friendly Union of Agricultural Workers. Sentenced to 7 years transportation to Tasmania

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6
Q

Members of Tolpuddle Martyrs?

A

George Loveless, James Loveless, James Hammett, James Brine, Thomas Stanfield and John Stanfield

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7
Q

What group was formed by the General Smiths, Old mechanics and the Steam Engine Makers Society?

A

Amalgamated Society of Engineers (ASE)

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8
Q

Where was Robert Owen’s model industrial town?

A

New Lanark

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9
Q

Conditions at New Lanark

A

No punishment, 12 hour day, 1.5 hour meal break

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10
Q

What did Henry Hetherington do in 1821?

A

Formed a Co-operative and Economical society, using Owen’s principles

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11
Q

When were the first Co-operative stores created?

A

1829

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12
Q

Reasons for growth of trade unions

A

Napoleonic wars led to higher cost of living; industrial revolution made work forces more populous, easier to set up a trade union; 1799 Combination Act repealed in 1824

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13
Q

Example of strike action

A

Saw Grinders’ Union - Sheffield Outrages 1866

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14
Q

How many members of the GNCTU actually paid membership fees?

A

16,000 out of 1 million

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15
Q

What did the 1793 Friendly Societies Act do?

A

Encouraged the formation of friendly societies to “diminish the public burdens” - ie lower cost of poor relief

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16
Q

What was the National Equitable Labour Exchange (founded 1832)?

A

People would pay for labour from others with labour instead of money

17
Q

Britain population in 1750 and 1850?

A

1750: 6 million
1850: 27 million

18
Q

What had the Weavers of Wigan done by 1799?

A

Organised themselves into an Association of Weavers; had 14 branches in Lancashire by May 1799;

19
Q

Failed unions started by John Doherty in 1829?

A

Grand General Union of the Operative Spinners of Great Britain and Ireland
National Association for the Protection of Labour

20
Q

Major strikes by Cotton Spinners?

A

1810 and 1818 (spread to other unions)

21
Q

What was ‘the Document’?

A

Used widely in the 1830s by employers; Employees had to sign to say they would not join or support a trad union; became a prerequisite for employment

22
Q

What was the 1979 Unlawful Oaths Act?

A

Made swearing oaths to a union/ society a criminal offence; was used against the Tolpuddle Martyrs

23
Q

Economic changes in 1820s (post-Napoleonic wars)?

A

Food prices 35% lower than in 1810s; Gross National Product rose by 16.8%

24
Q

Number of prosecutions per year under Master and Servant Act (1823) between 1857 and 1875?

A

10,000 per year

25
Q

What was New Model Unionism (1850-1870)?

A

Development of larger unions by skilled workers, who used conservative tactics of negotiation to achieve their aims rather than militancy

26
Q

Examples of New Model Unions?

A

Amalgamated Society of Engineers (1850); Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners (1860); Birmingham Trades Council (1866)

27
Q

Administrative system of ASE?

A

Elected Executive Council; paid general secretary; tax levied on members to support strike action, instead of voluntary donations

28
Q

Budget of ASE from tax levies in 1852?

A

£12,000

29
Q

How did the ASE help the London Builders in 1859-60?

A

Three donations of £1,000 to keep their strike going

30
Q

Number of ASE members after one year (end of 1851)?

A

12,000

31
Q

When was the Trades Union Congress founded?

A

1868 by Samuel Nicholson

32
Q

How many affiliates did the London Trades Council have by 1866?

A

100,000

33
Q

What was established by the government to consider the extension of further rights to unions?

A

1867 Royal Commission

34
Q

What did the Trade Union Act (1871) do?

A

Made unions and their activities entirely legal

35
Q

Number of co-operative stores in 1832 and 1850?

A

1832: 500
1850: 1000

36
Q

Who were the Rochdale Pioneers?

A

1844 - 28 men from Rochdale opened a co-operative shop, formalising model of the business. Many co-operative stores used their system as a template

37
Q

What did the 1855 Friendly Societies Act do?

A

Established the Registrar of Friendly Societies

Britain c1785-1875 (6 decks)

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