Poverty and Pauperism Flashcards

1
Q

First Poor Law Act?

A

1601

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2
Q

When was the Poor Law Amendment Act?

A

1834

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3
Q

How many Poorhouses existed in 1766?

A

2,000 + (w/ 20-50 inmates each)

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4
Q

What was Gilbert’s Act (1782)?

A

Only orphaned children or those who physically could not work were admitted to Poorhouses

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5
Q

What was the Speenhamland System?

A

Value of relief given was tied to the cost of a loaf of bread, number of children and wages

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6
Q

When was the Royal Commission formed?

A

1st February 1832

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7
Q

Two members of the Royal Commission?

A

Nassau Senior and Edwin Chadwick

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8
Q

Which organisation offered a blueprint for workhouses?

A

National Charity Company (utilitarian)

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9
Q

How much of GDP (as a percentage) was spent on poor relief between 1814 and 1820?

A

2%

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10
Q

How many workhouses built by 1839?

A

350

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11
Q

Cost to build a single workhouse?

A

£6,200

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12
Q

1862 - cost to keep one pauper in workhouse compared to giving them outdoor relief?

A

Workhouse: 4s 8d
Outdoor: 2s 3d

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13
Q

Provisions of first Poor Laws?

A

Parish of birth looks after poor, compulsory poor rate, creation of overseers of relief, poor relief rate collected from property owners

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14
Q

Workhouse conditions

A

10 hour working day, no alcohol or drugs, diet was bread and gruel, workers forced to wear uniform, segregation of men and women

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15
Q

Provisions of new poor law?

A

Poor relief to only be given in workhouses, up to £20 fine for failing to comply

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16
Q

How much did population increase by between 1815 and 1831?

A

6 million

17
Q

When were the Napoleonic Wars?

A

1793-1815

18
Q

Average cost of poor relief per year 1814-18?

A

£6.4 million

19
Q

Cost of poor relief in 1834?

A

£7 million

20
Q

Wages for people in urban areas 1803?

A

12 shillings a week

21
Q

Who criticised the old poor law in 1786?

A

Joseph Townsend in Dissertation on the Poor Laws

Thought it encouraged idleness

22
Q

What act was passed in 1817?

A

Poor Employment Act - public money spent to employ poor in public works

23
Q

Which act allowed elected committees to scrutinise relief claims?

A

Act for the Regulation of Parish Vestries (1818)

24
Q

Recommendations of the Royal Commission?

A

Remove outdoor relief, use gruelling workhouses as a deterrent, group parishes together, creation of central board to implement changes

25
Q

What did Thomas Paine believe?

A

Wrote Rights of Man (1791)

Wanted Pension provision for 50+, and child benefit of £4 per year for under 14s

26
Q

What was passed in 1836 that affected poor relief?

A

General Prohibitory Order banning outdoor relief

27
Q

Prominent members of Anti-Poor Law Movement in the South?

A

Media: The Times
Politicians: Robert Peel and Duke of Wellington
The people: Riots in 1835 in Bedfordshire, Kent and Suffolk

28
Q

Prominent members of Anti-Poor Law Movement in the North?

A

Radical Tory reformers Michael Sadler and Richard Oastler

29
Q

When was the Andover workhouse scandal?

A

1845

30
Q

Number of workhouses built 1834-40 and 1851-66?

A

1834-40: 402

1851-66: 100

31
Q

When was the Huddersfield workhouse scandal?

A

1848

32
Q

What group was established in 1858?

A

Workhouse Visiting Society

Made unofficial checks on workhouses

33
Q

What did the Metropolitan Poor Act (1867) achieve?

A

Medical facilities put separate to workhouses and established Metropolitan Asylum Board

34
Q

What was Urania Cottage?

A

Home for poor women opened by Charles Dickens and Angela Burdett-Coutts in 1847

35
Q

Reformist writers?

A

Thomas Carlyle (Past and Present; 1843), Henry Mayhew (London Labour and London Poor; 1851), Charles Dickens (Oliver Twist; 1837); Samuel Smiles (Self Help; 1859)