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Britain c1785-1875 > Parliamentary Democracy > Flashcards

Parliamentary Democracy Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of population could vote before 1832?

A

11%

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2
Q

How many eligible voters were there in the constituency of Dunwich?

A

Only 14

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3
Q

Political reasons for 1832 Reform Act?

A

Whigs come into government in 1830; resignation of Lord Liverpool (mediator in emancipation debate); William IV becomes King in 1830 and agrees to grant Whigs 50 more peers to pass the act

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4
Q

Social reasons for 1832 reform Act?

A

Riots in Bristol and Nottingham; rapid population growth outdated system

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5
Q

Bristol riots key figures

A

£300,000 worth of damages
12 killed in riots
102 arrested
31 sentenced to death

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6
Q

Economic reasons for 1832 Reform Act?

A

Poor harvests of 1828/ 1829 sparked fear of revolution; GNP growth led to less authoritarian leadership

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7
Q

Changes the 1832 Reform Act brought

A

Extended franchise to 18% of adult males, voter registration, 56 boroughs disenfranchised, 42 new boroughs created

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8
Q

Who was Prime Minister when the act was passed?

A

Lord Charles Grey (Whig)

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9
Q

Who’s resignation in 1827 split the Tories?

A

Lord Liverpool

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10
Q

6 points of people’s charter?

A

Universal manhood suffrage, secret ballot, no conditions for standing as MP, payment for MPs, equally sized constituencies and annual parliaments

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11
Q

When was the London Woking Men’s Association founded?

A

1836

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12
Q

Chartist petitions to Parliament

A

1839 - 1 million signatures
1842 - 3 million
1848 - 5 million

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13
Q

Which Chartist leader published his views in the Northern Star?

A

Feargus O’Connor

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14
Q

Who founded the Metropolitan Charter Union?

A

Henry Hetherington

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15
Q

Which Chartist opposed O’Connor’s conduct?

A

William Lovett

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16
Q

Strengths of Chartism?

A

Nationwide, clear set of goals, charismatic leaders, large support

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17
Q

Weaknesses of Chartism?

A

Divided/ambiguous leadership, lack of MPs to support them, spies inside organisation, too many demands

18
Q

Social reasons for 1867 Reform Act?

A

Population grew from 24 million to 31 million (1821-1861) - many could not vote, Hyde Park riots in 1866

19
Q

Political reasons for 1867 Reform Act?

A

Party rivalry - Tories and Whigs both wanted to look good, National Reform Union had 150 branches, will from within Parliament (3 previous failed reform bills)

20
Q

What did Benjamin Disraeli do?

A

Saw political reform as a vote winner and introduced the 1867 bill to parliament

21
Q

Who attempted (but failed) to pass a reform bill in 1866 when he was PM?

A

William Gladstone (whig)

22
Q

Changes after 1867 Reform Act?

A

Franchise increased to 2.5 million
7 seats transferred from England to Scotland
Lowered property value for voting eligibility
45 seats taken from boroughs with less than 10K people

23
Q

Where did the 1867 act fail?

A

No secret ballot
Unfair seat distribution
South and East over represented

24
Q

Features of democracy before reform?

A

Unpaid MPs, only wealthy could stand, only wealthy could vote, no secret ballot in elections, some areas not represented

25
Q

Consequences of 1832 Reform Act?

A

Removed injustices of old democratic system, extended franchise to recognise the growth of a ‘middle class’, recognition of growing industrial cities, change only to appease public clamour, growth of Chartism

26
Q

When was the Great Exhibition?

A

1851

27
Q

When were the Hyde Park Riots?

A

1866

28
Q

Population of Manchester and Birmingham in 1831 (no MPs)?

A

Manchester: 182,000
Birmingham: 144,000

29
Q

Early reform movements by the people?

A

1792 Sheffield Society’s petition for manhood suffrage had 10,000 signatures; 100,000 people attend London Corresponding Society’s demonstration 1795

30
Q

Peterloo Massacre key facts?

A

August 1819
Attracted 60,000 protesters
18 killed
400+ injured

31
Q

Gross National Product growth 1821-29?

A

16.8%

32
Q

Years of poor harvests?

A

1818 and 1819

1828 and 1829

33
Q

What was established to campaign for greater industrial parliamentary representation?

A

Birmingham Political Union 1829

34
Q

Number of MPs in North and South after reform?

A

North: 120
South: 370
Power remained with southern landowners

35
Q

Consequences of 1867 Reform Act?

A

Political power given partially to Northern Industrial areas; Parliament more representative of population

36
Q

When did chartism end?

A

1860

37
Q

When was the Newport Rising?

A

1839

38
Q

How many Chartist miners clashed with troops in Newport?

A

5,000

39
Q

How many Chartist leaders were imprisoned between 1839 and 1841?

A

500

40
Q

What and when was the Chartist Land Plan?

A

1845 - O’Connor’s idea to give working-class families the chance to own land; 70,000 people subscribed to the plan

41
Q

Which organisations were formed in 1864 and 1865 respectively?

A

1864: National Reform Union (middle class liberals)
1865: Reform League (working class radicals)

Britain c1785-1875 (6 decks)

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