Parliamentary Democracy

Question 1

What percentage of population could vote before 1832?

Answer 1

11%

Question 2

How many eligible voters were there in the constituency of Dunwich?

Answer 2

Only 14

Question 3

Political reasons for 1832 Reform Act?

Answer 3

Whigs come into government in 1830; resignation of Lord Liverpool (mediator in emancipation debate); William IV becomes King in 1830 and agrees to grant Whigs 50 more peers to pass the act

Question 4

Social reasons for 1832 reform Act?

Answer 4

Riots in Bristol and Nottingham; rapid population growth outdated system

Question 5

Bristol riots key figures

Answer 5

£300,000 worth of damages
12 killed in riots
102 arrested
31 sentenced to death

Question 6

Economic reasons for 1832 Reform Act?

Answer 6

Poor harvests of 1828/ 1829 sparked fear of revolution; GNP growth led to less authoritarian leadership

Question 7

Changes the 1832 Reform Act brought

Answer 7

Extended franchise to 18% of adult males, voter registration, 56 boroughs disenfranchised, 42 new boroughs created

Question 8

Who was Prime Minister when the act was passed?

Answer 8

Lord Charles Grey (Whig)

Question 9

Who’s resignation in 1827 split the Tories?

Answer 9

Lord Liverpool

Question 10

6 points of people’s charter?

Answer 10

Universal manhood suffrage, secret ballot, no conditions for standing as MP, payment for MPs, equally sized constituencies and annual parliaments

Question 11

When was the London Woking Men’s Association founded?

Answer 11

1836

Question 12

Chartist petitions to Parliament

Answer 12

1839 - 1 million signatures
1842 - 3 million
1848 - 5 million

Question 13

Which Chartist leader published his views in the Northern Star?

Answer 13

Feargus O’Connor

Question 14

Who founded the Metropolitan Charter Union?

Answer 14

Henry Hetherington

Question 15

Which Chartist opposed O’Connor’s conduct?

Answer 15

William Lovett

Question 16

Strengths of Chartism?

Answer 16

Nationwide, clear set of goals, charismatic leaders, large support

Question 17

Weaknesses of Chartism?

Answer 17

Divided/ambiguous leadership, lack of MPs to support them, spies inside organisation, too many demands

Question 18

Social reasons for 1867 Reform Act?

Answer 18

Population grew from 24 million to 31 million (1821-1861) - many could not vote, Hyde Park riots in 1866

Question 19

Political reasons for 1867 Reform Act?

Answer 19

Party rivalry - Tories and Whigs both wanted to look good, National Reform Union had 150 branches, will from within Parliament (3 previous failed reform bills)

Question 20

What did Benjamin Disraeli do?

Answer 20

Saw political reform as a vote winner and introduced the 1867 bill to parliament

Question 21

Who attempted (but failed) to pass a reform bill in 1866 when he was PM?

Answer 21

William Gladstone (whig)

Question 22

Changes after 1867 Reform Act?

Answer 22

Franchise increased to 2.5 million
7 seats transferred from England to Scotland
Lowered property value for voting eligibility
45 seats taken from boroughs with less than 10K people

Question 23

Where did the 1867 act fail?

Answer 23

No secret ballot
Unfair seat distribution
South and East over represented

Question 24

Features of democracy before reform?

Answer 24

Unpaid MPs, only wealthy could stand, only wealthy could vote, no secret ballot in elections, some areas not represented

Question 25

Consequences of 1832 Reform Act?

Answer 25

Removed injustices of old democratic system, extended franchise to recognise the growth of a 'middle class', recognition of growing industrial cities, change only to appease public clamour, growth of Chartism

Question 26

When was the Great Exhibition?

Answer 26

1851

Question 27

When were the Hyde Park Riots?

Answer 27

1866

Question 28

Population of Manchester and Birmingham in 1831 (no MPs)?

Answer 28

Manchester: 182,000 Birmingham: 144,000

Question 29

Early reform movements by the people?

Answer 29

1792 Sheffield Society's petition for manhood suffrage had 10,000 signatures; 100,000 people attend London Corresponding Society's demonstration 1795

Question 30

Peterloo Massacre key facts?

Answer 30

August 1819 Attracted 60,000 protesters 18 killed 400+ injured

Question 31

Gross National Product growth 1821-29?

Answer 31

16.8%

Question 32

Years of poor harvests?

Answer 32

1818 and 1819 | 1828 and 1829

Question 33

What was established to campaign for greater industrial parliamentary representation?

Answer 33

Birmingham Political Union 1829

Question 34

Number of MPs in North and South after reform?

Answer 34

North: 120 South: 370 Power remained with southern landowners

Question 35

Consequences of 1867 Reform Act?

Answer 35

Political power given partially to Northern Industrial areas; Parliament more representative of population

Question 36

When did chartism end?

Answer 36

1860

Question 37

When was the Newport Rising?

Answer 37

1839

Question 38

How many Chartist miners clashed with troops in Newport?

Answer 38

5,000

Question 39

How many Chartist leaders were imprisoned between 1839 and 1841?

Answer 39

500

Question 40

What and when was the Chartist Land Plan?

Answer 40

1845 - O'Connor's idea to give working-class families the chance to own land; 70,000 people subscribed to the plan

Question 41

Which organisations were formed in 1864 and 1865 respectively?

Answer 41

1864: National Reform Union (middle class liberals) 1865: Reform League (working class radicals)