Industrialisation and Protest Flashcards
Two examples of new technology in 18th century?
Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine (1712) and Spinning Jenny (1770)
Number of banks in 1784 compared to 1808 (excluding London)?
1784: 119
1808: 800
Role of banks in Industrial Revolution?
Funded private factories, transformed cottage industry to large scale factories and united farmers with industrial centres
Population of London in 1751 and 1851?
1751: 650,000
1851: 2.3 million
Which acts repealed previous acts to aid laissez-faire free trade?
Repeal of the Statute of Artificiers (1813), Banking Co-partnership Act (1826) and 1846 Repeal of Corn Laws
Which Act banned workers’ unions for the purpose of improving working conditions?
Combination Act (1799)
What did the 1833 Factory Act entail?
Children under 9 could no longer work, those aged 9-13 limited to 8 hours of work and all children under 13 would receive two hours of education a day
What did the 1847 Factory Act achieve?
Ten hour day for women and children
Which protest began in 1811?
Luddites - protested unemployment due to increased machinery use
What and when were the Swing Riots?
1830 - protesting agricultural working conditions
Who were the Tolpuddle Martyrs?
1834 - deported to Australia for breachingIllegal Oaths Act by starting a ‘friendly society’ to combat poor agricultural working conditions
How much were the Tolpuddle Martyrs being paid?
Initially seven shillings when they began protest, fell to six shillings
Why did the Blanketeers march in 1817?
Over the desperate state of the textile industry in Lancashire and to protest the suspension of Habeas Corpus
What was the Peterloo Massacre?
1819 - cavalry charged into a crowd of 80,000 that had gathered to demand the reform of parliamentary representation
Deaths and injuries during Peterloo Massacre?
18 deaths
400-700 non-fatal injuries
How many machines had then Luddites destroyed by 1812 in Nottingham alone?
Over 1000 with an estimated cost of £6,000-£10,000
How many people did the cotton trade employ by 1833?
833,000
Population of London in 1851?
2.3 million
What did the Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 do?
Allowed local councils to take over utilities like sewage and water
What did the 1819 Factory Act do?
Limited child labour to 12 hours a day
Which act disallowed women and boys under 10 from working underground?
1842 Mining Act (Sponsored by Lord Ashley)
Which Act limited the number of workday hours to 10?
Ten Hour Act 1847
What percentage of houses in Birmingham were back-to-backs in 1801?
67%
Coal production 1770 and 1850?
1770: 6 million tons
1850: 55 million tons
