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A2 History Fact Attacks > Unification of Italy > Flashcards

Unification of Italy Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Congress of Vienna?

A

A meeting of the great powers following the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte

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2
Q

What was the concept of Risorgimento?

A

National uprisings which come from the Italian people

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3
Q

What is a federation?

A

Where all states of the Italian peninsula could join together with common leadership but still retain some state freedoms.

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4
Q

What is reactionary?

A

Returning to the ways of the past. Linked with conservative restored monarchs.

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5
Q

If someone was a progressive what would they favour?

A

Liberal ideas, change and reform

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6
Q

What is liberalism?

A

Liberalism is a political philosophy founded on ideas of liberty and equality.

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7
Q

What is the definition of unification?

A

Turing a group of separate states into a single country

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8
Q

What would a radical do?

A

Use extreme methods in order to make political gains

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9
Q

What were Jesuits?

A

Extreme catholics

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10
Q

What does Papal describe?

A

Something relating to the pope

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11
Q

What do Republicans want to get rid of?

A

A monarch

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12
Q

What is a constitutional monarchy?

A

Where a monarchy’s role remains but they become accountable to the people.

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13
Q

What does the political concept of conservatism entail?

A

Believing in traditions and being resistant to change

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14
Q

What is Nationalism?

A

Having a strong love for your country, which you want to be free from foreign rule.

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15
Q

Following Napoleon’s defeat where did the major powers meet?

A

Congress of Vienna

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16
Q

What word describes those who favour reform and liberalism?

A

Progressives

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17
Q

When did the congress of Vienna restore reactionary monarchs to Italian states?

A

1815

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18
Q

When was the revolution in Naples?

A

1820

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19
Q

When was the revolution in Sicily?

A

1821

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20
Q

When was the revolution in Piedmont?

A

1821

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21
Q

When was the revolution in Modena?

A

1831

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22
Q

When was the revolution in Parma?

A

1831

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23
Q

When was the revolution in the Papal States?

A

1831

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24
Q

In what year was pope Pius XI elected?

A

1846

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25
Q

When did grain shortages start?

A

1846

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26
Q

In what year did Charles Albert issue the Statuto?

A

1847

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27
Q

In what year did the revolutions begin?

A

1848

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28
Q

What happened in Naples in 1820?

A

Revolutions

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29
Q

What began in 1846?

A

Grain shortages

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30
Q

Who issued the Statuto?

A

Charles Albert

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31
Q

What began in 1848?

A

Revolutions

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32
Q

What were the 4 different types of state rulers?

A
  • Kings
  • Popes
  • Dukes
  • Viceroys
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33
Q

Who ruled the Northern states of Lombardy?

A

Viceroys of Austria

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34
Q

When did France gain control of Nice and Savoy?

A

1792

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35
Q

What did France gain control of in 1792?

A

Nice and Savoy

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36
Q

When did Napoleon gain Lombardy?

A

1796

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37
Q

Who did Napoleon defeat to gain Lombardy?

A

Austrians

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38
Q

What did Napoleon gain in 1796?

A

Lombardy

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39
Q

When did Napoleon crown himself King of Italy?

A

1805

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40
Q

When did Napoleon split the country into 4 states?

A

1798

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41
Q

What was the purpose of splitting the country into 4 different states?

A

“An attempt to simply the boundaries”

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42
Q

How did Napoleon further simplify Italy in 1810?

A

Split it into 3 parts

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43
Q

In what year was Italy split further into 3 parts?

A

1810

44
Q

How were Napoleon’s 3 parts distributed?

A

⅓ given to France
⅓ became known as the kingdom of Italy
⅓ became known as the kingdom of Naples but did not include Sicily which was controlled by Britain

45
Q

After the congress of Vienna what happened to Tuscany?

A

It was returned to the control of the Austrian appointed leaders

46
Q

After the congress of Vienna what did the Pope once again control?

A

The Papal States

47
Q

Where was control of education handed back to the church after Napoleon left?

A

Piedmont

48
Q

What percentage of taxes did Napoleon give to the military?

A

60%

49
Q

What political concept increased under Napoleon?

A

Nationalism

50
Q

In what year did King Emmanuel return to the throne of Piedmont?

A

1815

51
Q

In what year did duke Francis IV return to the throne of Modena?

A

1815 and attempted to return to a pre-napoleonic era

52
Q

What does Zealots?

A

Collective Popes

53
Q

Who returned as king of Naples in 1815?

A

King Ferdinand 1st

54
Q

In Naples which two political groups joined together to call for new constitution?

A

Liberals and Radicals

55
Q

What kind of person would be a liberal?

A

Non violent middle class

56
Q

Name two secret societies

A

Carabinieri and Young Italy

57
Q

Who was Metternich?

A

The Austrian chancellor

58
Q

How many members did the Carbonari have?

A

60 000

59
Q

What percentage of the male population were in Carbinari?

A

5%

60
Q

What percentage of the Italian population were peasants/

A

over 90%

61
Q

What did Risorgimento literally mean?

A

Resurgence

62
Q

Name 5 causes of the 1820s revolutions:

A

1) Food Shortages
2) High taxation
3) Desire for a constitution
4) Disease
5) Suffering

63
Q

Name 5 failures of the 1820s revolutions:

A

1) Only a very small minority were interested
2) Austrian intervention
3) No unity between groups
4) No leader
5) Most of the population want food not revolution

64
Q

What percentage of the population were roman catholic?

A

Over 90%

65
Q

What did the catholic church resist?

A

Change

66
Q

What did the catholic church’s resistance of change make them?

A

Conservative

67
Q

What phrase best describes the peasant’s political orientation?

A

Politically Apathetic

68
Q

When did roman catholicism regain its influence?

A

1815

69
Q

What was a key disagreement within the nationalists?

A

The extent to which the Italian peninsula should be unified

70
Q

What did Carbonari fight to gain?

A

Constitutions and more rights from the monarchs

71
Q

Where did the Federati and Aldelfi operate?

A

Mainly in the North of Italy

72
Q

Who led the Federati?

A

Federico Confalonieri

73
Q

What did the Federati rename itself to in 1818?

A

Society of the Sublime Perfect Masters

74
Q

Who was the head of the Aldefi?

A

Filippo Buonarroti

75
Q

What was an disadvantage of them being secret?

A

They could not communicate openly or use propaganda

76
Q

To whom did the Carbonari swear their allegiance to?

A

Their leaders

77
Q

In what era did writer Cicero talk of Italy as one nation?

A

3rd Century BC (Romans)

78
Q

Whose ideas greatly influenced the writers of Risorgimento 500 years later?

A

Dante Alighieri (Dante)

79
Q

Who wrote Della Tirranide?

A

Vitorio Alfieri

80
Q

Who wrote the partriotic “William Tell”

A

Rossini

81
Q

What journal spread national identity in Tuscany?

A

Antologia

82
Q

In 1871 only how many of 27 million spoke Italian?

A

630 000

83
Q

In 1871 what percentage of Italian spoke Italian?

A

2.3%

84
Q

Name a notable poet of Risorgimento:

A

Giacomo Leopardi

85
Q

Between which two years did the congress of science meet?

A

1838-1847

86
Q

What fact disproves the concept of risorgemento?

A

Before 1848 Italians were nowhere near ready to make their own destiny

87
Q

What two industries was in example of Italian growth after 1830?

A

Wine in chianti and the cheese industry in gorgonzola

88
Q

In the 1840s what was the life expectancy in Naples?

A

Just 24

89
Q

In what year did Mazzini become revolutionary?

A

1821

90
Q

In what year did Mazzini go to prison?

A

1830

91
Q

In what year did Mazzini join the carabinari?

A

1827

92
Q

Who did Mazzini want to lead the revolution?

A

“La Plebe” (think plebius latin -> the masses)

93
Q

How many members were there in Young Italy?

A

50 000

94
Q

What age did you have to be under in order to join Young Italy/

A

40

95
Q

When did Young Italy attempt to invade Savoy?

A

1834

96
Q

Where did a Young Italy revolt fail?

A

Genoa

97
Q

In what year did Garibaldi support Mazzini?

A

1831

98
Q

How did Mazzini isolate moderate liberals?

A

They viewed him as a dangerous radical

99
Q

What did Mazzini’s attitude inhibit?

A

French Assistance

100
Q

Why did Mazzini’s ideas isolate the masses?

A

Overly Intellectual

101
Q

Where were Mazzini’s supports mostly from?

A

Privileged, educated backgrounds

102
Q

How long was he absent from Italy from in total?

A

40 years: he became out of touch with the situation in Italy

103
Q

What did the actions of Young Italy mostly end in?

A

Failure

104
Q

Between which two years did Mazzini live in Switzerland and London?

A

1834 to 1849

105
Q

What was not high on Mazzini’s agenda?

A

Socioeconomic hardships, faced by the majority

A2 History Fact Attacks (12 decks)

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