How unified was Italy between 1861 and 1865? Flashcards
How did Piedmont’s intervention in the South help/hinder unification?
Piedmont’s intervention forced the pace of unification, yet there were more divisions created than there were long term solutions.
What was wrong with the Judicial system introduced to the South of Italy?
It was liable to corruption by the mafia.
When does Cavour die?
June 1861
When was a civil law code introduced for the whole of Italy?
1865
What did Napoleon seek to achieve by staying in Rome?
Keep Catholics across Europe happy and onside.
When were the Venetian and Lombard railway systems combined?
1857
How many MPs did the tiny electorate elect?
443
What percentage of the population were Catholic?
90%
What promise could Piedmont not deliver on?
Garibaldi’s promises of land reforms.
What was the most significant factor?
Probably Brigands
How useful were elements of the papacy for Italian unity?
Not at all - Whilst the papacy had very little practical or military power it wielded huge influence and prevented mass support for unity and ensured that a foreign power reminded in Italy.
Give two examples of poor successors to Cavour
Farini and Rattazzi
What does Papal infallibility mean?
A decision that meant that the Pope’s decisions were indisputable
What was wrong with the Plebiscites?
The politically apathetic masses were often confused as to what they were voting for.
Why does Cavour die?
Malaria
What demonstrates that Piedmont does not understand Southern problems
Piedmont ruthlessly crushes problems in October 1860, demonstrating a lacks of understanding of southern problems.
Under which state’s guidance was the army and navy unified modernised?
Prussia
When did Modena vote to be annexed to Piedmont?
August 1861
Which state was the only state not to adopt the single legal code?
Tuscany
Who did Rattazzi attack?
Garibaldininian forces attacking Rome in 1862
What failed in 1864?
Attempts to take back Rome from French control
In what state was unity already by 1861?
After the 1859 war the north was unified, which was then unified with the south by Garibaldi’s expedition in 1860, but Rome was still under Louis Napoleon’s occupation.
What were standardised under Piedmontisation?
All customs, cash, weights and measures were standardised across the country — as, in theory, was the constitution.
What does fractious cohabitation mean?
An uneasy relationship between church and state
How did the Southern Question aid unity?
Opponents, such as the supports of the bourbons, were crushed so opposition to unity diminished.
What was the size of the electorate?
Just two percent of the population.
How was the education system unified?
Brought under state control
What are the 7 possible factors?
1) Foreign powers/ geographical
2) Death of Cavour/Political weaknesses
3) The papacy
4) The Southern Question
5) Piedmontisaiton
6) Brigands
7) Economic and Social Problems
When was a single Legal and Criminal system introduced across Italy?
1865
When Rattazzi stop Garibaldi attacking Rome?
1862
Why was Ratazzi sacked as Prime Minister?
He was seen as anti-Italian
How didi Farini highlight the divisions amounts the government?
He attempted to stab king VEII
What was the size of the electorate?
2%
What was the percentage of Italians who were catholic?
90%
What was factious cohabitation?
The uneasy relationship between church and state
How did the Pope demonstrate divines through his syllabus of errors?
Rejected progressive reforms such as freedom of speech and brought education back under state control
What was the debt of the north?
2.5 billion lire
How many men fled to the hills after the 1861 conscription act?
25 000
In 1864 how many Brigands were there?
82 000
In 1864 how many troops were stationed to try to keep the peace with the Brigands/
90 000
Who was the historian that talked of real and legal Italy?
Martin Clark
