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A2 History Fact Attacks > Key Figures: Mazzini > Flashcards

Key Figures: Mazzini Flashcards

1
Q

What was the organisation that Mazzini started?

A

Young Italy

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2
Q

By 1833 how many members did young Italy have?

A

more than 50 000

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3
Q

When did Mazzini join the Carbinari?

A

1827

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4
Q

Under what age were all those in Young Italy?

A

40

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5
Q

When did Young Italy attempt to invade Savoy?

A

1834

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6
Q

Where was one of Young Italy’s failed revolts?

A

Genoa

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7
Q

What was Mazzini’s political ideology?

A

Republican

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8
Q

In total, how long was he absent from Italy for?

A

40 years

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9
Q

In which two years did his revolts fail?

A

1821 and 1831

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10
Q

What was the impact of Mazzini’s propaganda?

A

Made the topic of unity talked about and gave it huge impetus.

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11
Q

Which committed Nationalist and Republican did he convert to the cause of unity?

A

Garibaldi

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12
Q

What areas did not concern Mazzini, leading to the movement becoming elitist.

A

Poverty, land redistribution and social policy.

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13
Q

Who did Mazzini think should lead the revolution, but failed to convert to the cause?

A

‘La Plebe’

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14
Q

How did Mazzini become politically alienated?

A

Moderates looked on him as too radical, and radicals looked on him as too liberal.

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15
Q

What did he accept may be necessary in order to aid the cause of unity?

A

consitutional monarchy

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16
Q

What are the three main alternatives to Mazziniian republicanism by 1848?

A

1) Gioberti’s NeoGuelphism
2) Cesare Balbo’s Piedmontese led unity
3) Massimo d’Azeglio

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17
Q

What did Massimo d’Azeglio propound?

A

That the ruling classes should lead the revolution, not the peasants as Mazzini argued.

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18
Q

Who did Cesare Balbo lead in Piedmont?

A

Moderate Nationalists

19
Q

In what book did Balbo argue for a federation of Italian states?

A

Le Speranze

20
Q

When was Balbo’s Le Speranze published?

A

1844

21
Q

What did Balbo advocate in his book Le Speranze?

A

A federation of Italian states under Piedmont

22
Q

Rather than a federation of Italian states under Piedmont, what method of unity did Mazzini advocate?

A

A fusion of states into a single state

23
Q

To which Monarch was Balbo loyal?

A

Charles Albert

24
Q

What is the similarity between Balbo and Mazzini

A

They both wanted unity to come from Italy and it not to be imposed upon them by another country.

25
Q

What was the monarchist group that developed in the 1830s under Balbo called?

A

The Alberisti

26
Q

To which Pope does Gioberti relate to?

A

Pius IX

27
Q

When did Pius IX become elected?

A

1846

28
Q

What book did Gioberti write in 1843?

A

Primato

29
Q

How many copies did Gioberti’s 1843 book ‘Primato’ sell?

A

5 000

30
Q

When was Primato published?

A

1843

31
Q

What did Gioberti believe should be the method of unity?

A

That pope Pius IX and the Catholic Church should head a national revival

32
Q

What stood in the way of Gioberti’s ideas prior to Pius XI’s 1846 election?

A

The reputation of the church as being reactionary

33
Q

Between 1846-47 how many political prisoners were freed by Pius IX, showing his liberal tendencies?

A

2 000

34
Q

What did Pius IX end regarding freedom of speech?

A

Press Censorship

35
Q

What was Pius IX’s elected body of advisors called?

A

The consulta

36
Q

What did Pius IX do to Jews?

A

Let the out of the ghetto

37
Q

What did Pius IX’s liberal reforms suggest?

A

The Gioberti’s theories about his ability to lead the whole of Italy to unity were correct.

38
Q

What event, witnessed by d’Azeglio, meant that he believed that the only leader capable of uniting Italy was Charles Albert?

A

The revolution in the Papal States in 1845 against Pope and Austria

39
Q

What did the revolution in the Papal States in 1845 inspire d’Azeglio to write?

A

“On Recent evenets in Romagna”

40
Q

What did d’Azeglio dislike?

A

Revolution

41
Q

How does d’Azeglio differ from Mazzini in terms of foreign opinion?

A

He believes that European powers’ positive opinion of unity is as important as mass approval for the unity.

42
Q

What did Balbo argue?

A

A federation of Italian states under Piedmont should make up the united Italy

43
Q

When exiled, through what did Mazzini keep in touch with the nationalist movement?

A

National Society

44
Q

How many letters and articles did Mazzini write for the cause of unity?

A

10 000

A2 History Fact Attacks (12 decks)

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