Key Figures: Mazzini Flashcards
What was the organisation that Mazzini started?
Young Italy
By 1833 how many members did young Italy have?
more than 50 000
When did Mazzini join the Carbinari?
1827
Under what age were all those in Young Italy?
40
When did Young Italy attempt to invade Savoy?
1834
Where was one of Young Italy’s failed revolts?
Genoa
What was Mazzini’s political ideology?
Republican
In total, how long was he absent from Italy for?
40 years
In which two years did his revolts fail?
1821 and 1831
What was the impact of Mazzini’s propaganda?
Made the topic of unity talked about and gave it huge impetus.
Which committed Nationalist and Republican did he convert to the cause of unity?
Garibaldi
What areas did not concern Mazzini, leading to the movement becoming elitist.
Poverty, land redistribution and social policy.
Who did Mazzini think should lead the revolution, but failed to convert to the cause?
‘La Plebe’
How did Mazzini become politically alienated?
Moderates looked on him as too radical, and radicals looked on him as too liberal.
What did he accept may be necessary in order to aid the cause of unity?
consitutional monarchy
What are the three main alternatives to Mazziniian republicanism by 1848?
1) Gioberti’s NeoGuelphism
2) Cesare Balbo’s Piedmontese led unity
3) Massimo d’Azeglio
What did Massimo d’Azeglio propound?
That the ruling classes should lead the revolution, not the peasants as Mazzini argued.
Who did Cesare Balbo lead in Piedmont?
Moderate Nationalists
In what book did Balbo argue for a federation of Italian states?
Le Speranze
When was Balbo’s Le Speranze published?
1844
What did Balbo advocate in his book Le Speranze?
A federation of Italian states under Piedmont
Rather than a federation of Italian states under Piedmont, what method of unity did Mazzini advocate?
A fusion of states into a single state
To which Monarch was Balbo loyal?
Charles Albert
What is the similarity between Balbo and Mazzini
They both wanted unity to come from Italy and it not to be imposed upon them by another country.
What was the monarchist group that developed in the 1830s under Balbo called?
The Alberisti
To which Pope does Gioberti relate to?
Pius IX
When did Pius IX become elected?
1846
What book did Gioberti write in 1843?
Primato
How many copies did Gioberti’s 1843 book ‘Primato’ sell?
5 000
When was Primato published?
1843
What did Gioberti believe should be the method of unity?
That pope Pius IX and the Catholic Church should head a national revival
What stood in the way of Gioberti’s ideas prior to Pius XI’s 1846 election?
The reputation of the church as being reactionary
Between 1846-47 how many political prisoners were freed by Pius IX, showing his liberal tendencies?
2 000
What did Pius IX end regarding freedom of speech?
Press Censorship
What was Pius IX’s elected body of advisors called?
The consulta
What did Pius IX do to Jews?
Let the out of the ghetto
What did Pius IX’s liberal reforms suggest?
The Gioberti’s theories about his ability to lead the whole of Italy to unity were correct.
What event, witnessed by d’Azeglio, meant that he believed that the only leader capable of uniting Italy was Charles Albert?
The revolution in the Papal States in 1845 against Pope and Austria
What did the revolution in the Papal States in 1845 inspire d’Azeglio to write?
“On Recent evenets in Romagna”
What did d’Azeglio dislike?
Revolution
How does d’Azeglio differ from Mazzini in terms of foreign opinion?
He believes that European powers’ positive opinion of unity is as important as mass approval for the unity.
What did Balbo argue?
A federation of Italian states under Piedmont should make up the united Italy
When exiled, through what did Mazzini keep in touch with the nationalist movement?
National Society
How many letters and articles did Mazzini write for the cause of unity?
10 000
