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A2 History Fact Attacks > Italy Knowledge Gaps > Flashcards

Italy Knowledge Gaps Flashcards

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1
Q

The 1830-31 revolutions failed in part because of lack of foreign support. Britain and France objected to what but did not want to challenge Austria over it?

A

the Troppau Protocol

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2
Q

After the 1830-31 revolutions, until when was there an Austrian garrison in Bologna?

A

1838

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3
Q

What qualities did Misely and Menotti have that meant that the revolutions did not have popular support?

A

Misely was an academic and Meotti was a prosperous businessman

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4
Q

Where were the Adelfi based?

A

Geneva, not Italy

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5
Q

When did the Adelfi rename themselves to the “society of the sublime perfect masters”?

A

1818

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6
Q

Though the Adelfi were originally anti-French, what did the goal change into?

A

anti-Austrian society that wanted democratic rule

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7
Q

Who led the Adelfi?

A

Filippo Buonarroti

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8
Q

How any silk workers in Lombardy by 1840?

A

70 000

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9
Q

By what percent did GDP rise by in Northern and Central Italy a year between which two dates?

A

Between 1830 and 1860, GDP rose by only 0.5% each year

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10
Q

What was the growth in the Italian population?

A

17.8 million in 1800 to over 24 million in 1850

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11
Q

In 1837, how many people died of Cholera in Palermo?

A

27 000

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12
Q

In 1836 65 000 people died of Cholera in sicily. what proportion of its population was this?

A

1/10

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13
Q

Who did Pius IX appoint to his secretary of state ?

A

liberal Cardinal Gizzi

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14
Q

What encouraged Liberals in northern Italy during the 1848 revolutions?

A

Events in Switzerland in 1847 where consitutional, liberal forced defeated the conservative alliance known as the Sonderbund

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15
Q

Who introduced limited reforms that encouraged Liberals to demand a constitution?

A

Leopardi II

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16
Q

When did the Pope appoint Pelligrino Rossi as PM?

A

September 1848

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17
Q

what happened to Pelligrino rossi?

A

murdered by a mob on 15th November

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18
Q

When did the Pope flee Rome?

A

24th november 1848

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19
Q

What was the trigger cause of Pius Fleeing rome?

A

The murder of Pelligrino Rossi on 24th November 1848

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20
Q

the resignation of Metternich as foreign minster in March 1848 led to a more pragmatic Austrian foreign policy direction under who?

A

Prince Felix Schwazenberg

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21
Q

who pressed VEII to keep the statuto?

A

D’Azeglio

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22
Q

How did Cavour describe the church?

A

The chief cause of the misfortunes of Italy

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23
Q

From what was Austria excluded?

A

Zollverein

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24
Q

In 1848, who replaced the liberal secretary of state Cardinal Gizzi?

A

Cardinal Gracamo Antonelli

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25
Q

What happened when Pius returned to Rome in 1850?

A

He withdrew from political matters and left governing of papal states Antonelli

26
Q

When was the Montu Proporio?

A

September 1849

27
Q

What did the Pope promise the September 1849 Montu Proporio?

A

he promised limited legal and judicial reforms but said that liberalism misled the masses

28
Q

When was the assassination attempt on Antonelli?

A

June 1855

29
Q

When was the concordat with Austria?

A

August 1855

30
Q

Who was the person in Austria that the Concordat was with?

A

Franz Joseph

31
Q

What does the concordat with Austria in August 1855 show and how does it show this?

A

Shows the continued influence of the church as they regained control of family law and choice education in Austria

32
Q

When was the Orsini attempt?

A

14 th January

33
Q

Who was Napoleon’s wife who was with him when the Orsini attempt was made?

A

Empress Eugenie

34
Q

What was the rationale for killing Napoleon?

A

The it would restore a republic in francs that may well support an Italian one

35
Q

What did Orsini do at his trial?

A

Plead Napoleon to support the cause of unity, saying that the blessing of 25 million Italians would follow him to posterity

36
Q

How did Napoleon use the Orsini plot?

A

As a romantic cover for hard nosed bargaining

37
Q

What did napoleon want to ensure?

A

That there were no further assassination attempts on him

38
Q

How did Napoleon seek to ensure that there were no further assassination attempts on him?

A

A meeting with Cavour would be an opportunity to put pressure on Cavour to introduce measures against violent Nationalists living in Piedmont

39
Q

Both Cavour and Napoleon wished for war with Austria, but….

A

…for very different motives

40
Q

What was the other reason that the Orsini bomb plot co-uld have been a cover for?

A

Dynastic Problem, he had difficulty finding a wife for his cousin Jerome

41
Q

Which historian talks about Napoleon’s dynastically problem?

A

Agatha Ramm

42
Q

Cavour promised how many for the 1959 war, but in reality the Peidmotnese army was closer to how many?

A

100 000 and 60 000

43
Q

of these 60 000, how many were National society recruits?

A

20 000

44
Q

There was not as much popular sympathy for the 1859 war as there was for the 1848 war. Why was Cavour worried?

A

He worried that Austrian rule in Lombardy under Archduke Maximillion was not as repressive/unpopular as it once was

45
Q

When revolutions happened in Bologna in 1859, what happened?

A

Piedmontese commissioners moved in to create a provisional government, most of which were members of the national society

46
Q

Why did Piedmont in Bologna upset the Pope?

A

Bologna was a part of the papal states

47
Q

What does the historian AJP Taylor say about the French involvement?

A

Italy owed most to french armies and British moral approval

48
Q

In what did Napoleon suggest that the decline in the Pope’s temporal power was inevitable?

A

in le pape et le congress

49
Q

Who called for a return of Nice and savoy to Italy in 1870?

A

Crispi

50
Q

When was the September convention?

A

1864

51
Q

What was the agreement reached at the september convention?

A

The papacy would recruit a garrison of 10 000 soldiers and french troops would leave Rome within two years. IN return the Italian government would promise not to attack and move the capital from Turin to Florence

52
Q

In which region is Florence?

A

Tuscany

53
Q

When Minghetti’s government agreed to move the capital from Turin to Florence, what happened?

A

23 people died in riots and Piedmontese deputies withdrew their support

54
Q

Despite fierce Piedmontese opposition, when did the government move to Tuscany?

A

1865

55
Q

When do the last french troops leave Rome?

A

December 1866

56
Q

When do the French troo[ps return

A

1867 to 1870 after Garibaldi returns again

57
Q

When was Aspromonte?

A

29th August 1862

58
Q

How many troops stopped at Aspromonte?

A

4000

59
Q

How many fatalities at Aspromonte?

A

12

60
Q

What happened to Garibaldi at Aspromonte?

A

Shot in the foot but got the reputation of a hero

61
Q

When was Mentana?

A

3rd November 1867

62
Q

Why were Garibaldi’s troops massacred so much at Mentana?

A

The french troops had the breach loading chassepot rifle

A2 History Fact Attacks (12 decks)

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