Italy Knowledge Gaps Flashcards
The 1830-31 revolutions failed in part because of lack of foreign support. Britain and France objected to what but did not want to challenge Austria over it?
the Troppau Protocol
After the 1830-31 revolutions, until when was there an Austrian garrison in Bologna?
1838
What qualities did Misely and Menotti have that meant that the revolutions did not have popular support?
Misely was an academic and Meotti was a prosperous businessman
Where were the Adelfi based?
Geneva, not Italy
When did the Adelfi rename themselves to the “society of the sublime perfect masters”?
1818
Though the Adelfi were originally anti-French, what did the goal change into?
anti-Austrian society that wanted democratic rule
Who led the Adelfi?
Filippo Buonarroti
How any silk workers in Lombardy by 1840?
70 000
By what percent did GDP rise by in Northern and Central Italy a year between which two dates?
Between 1830 and 1860, GDP rose by only 0.5% each year
What was the growth in the Italian population?
17.8 million in 1800 to over 24 million in 1850
In 1837, how many people died of Cholera in Palermo?
27 000
In 1836 65 000 people died of Cholera in sicily. what proportion of its population was this?
1/10
Who did Pius IX appoint to his secretary of state ?
liberal Cardinal Gizzi
What encouraged Liberals in northern Italy during the 1848 revolutions?
Events in Switzerland in 1847 where consitutional, liberal forced defeated the conservative alliance known as the Sonderbund
Who introduced limited reforms that encouraged Liberals to demand a constitution?
Leopardi II
When did the Pope appoint Pelligrino Rossi as PM?
September 1848
what happened to Pelligrino rossi?
murdered by a mob on 15th November
When did the Pope flee Rome?
24th november 1848
What was the trigger cause of Pius Fleeing rome?
The murder of Pelligrino Rossi on 24th November 1848
the resignation of Metternich as foreign minster in March 1848 led to a more pragmatic Austrian foreign policy direction under who?
Prince Felix Schwazenberg
who pressed VEII to keep the statuto?
D’Azeglio
How did Cavour describe the church?
The chief cause of the misfortunes of Italy
From what was Austria excluded?
Zollverein
In 1848, who replaced the liberal secretary of state Cardinal Gizzi?
Cardinal Gracamo Antonelli
What happened when Pius returned to Rome in 1850?
He withdrew from political matters and left governing of papal states Antonelli
When was the Montu Proporio?
September 1849
What did the Pope promise the September 1849 Montu Proporio?
he promised limited legal and judicial reforms but said that liberalism misled the masses
When was the assassination attempt on Antonelli?
June 1855
When was the concordat with Austria?
August 1855
Who was the person in Austria that the Concordat was with?
Franz Joseph
What does the concordat with Austria in August 1855 show and how does it show this?
Shows the continued influence of the church as they regained control of family law and choice education in Austria
When was the Orsini attempt?
14 th January
Who was Napoleon’s wife who was with him when the Orsini attempt was made?
Empress Eugenie
What was the rationale for killing Napoleon?
The it would restore a republic in francs that may well support an Italian one
What did Orsini do at his trial?
Plead Napoleon to support the cause of unity, saying that the blessing of 25 million Italians would follow him to posterity
How did Napoleon use the Orsini plot?
As a romantic cover for hard nosed bargaining
What did napoleon want to ensure?
That there were no further assassination attempts on him
How did Napoleon seek to ensure that there were no further assassination attempts on him?
A meeting with Cavour would be an opportunity to put pressure on Cavour to introduce measures against violent Nationalists living in Piedmont
Both Cavour and Napoleon wished for war with Austria, but….
…for very different motives
What was the other reason that the Orsini bomb plot co-uld have been a cover for?
Dynastic Problem, he had difficulty finding a wife for his cousin Jerome
Which historian talks about Napoleon’s dynastically problem?
Agatha Ramm
Cavour promised how many for the 1959 war, but in reality the Peidmotnese army was closer to how many?
100 000 and 60 000
of these 60 000, how many were National society recruits?
20 000
There was not as much popular sympathy for the 1859 war as there was for the 1848 war. Why was Cavour worried?
He worried that Austrian rule in Lombardy under Archduke Maximillion was not as repressive/unpopular as it once was
When revolutions happened in Bologna in 1859, what happened?
Piedmontese commissioners moved in to create a provisional government, most of which were members of the national society
Why did Piedmont in Bologna upset the Pope?
Bologna was a part of the papal states
What does the historian AJP Taylor say about the French involvement?
Italy owed most to french armies and British moral approval
In what did Napoleon suggest that the decline in the Pope’s temporal power was inevitable?
in le pape et le congress
Who called for a return of Nice and savoy to Italy in 1870?
Crispi
When was the September convention?
1864
What was the agreement reached at the september convention?
The papacy would recruit a garrison of 10 000 soldiers and french troops would leave Rome within two years. IN return the Italian government would promise not to attack and move the capital from Turin to Florence
In which region is Florence?
Tuscany
When Minghetti’s government agreed to move the capital from Turin to Florence, what happened?
23 people died in riots and Piedmontese deputies withdrew their support
Despite fierce Piedmontese opposition, when did the government move to Tuscany?
1865
When do the last french troops leave Rome?
December 1866
When do the French troo[ps return
1867 to 1870 after Garibaldi returns again
When was Aspromonte?
29th August 1862
How many troops stopped at Aspromonte?
4000
How many fatalities at Aspromonte?
12
What happened to Garibaldi at Aspromonte?
Shot in the foot but got the reputation of a hero
When was Mentana?
3rd November 1867
Why were Garibaldi’s troops massacred so much at Mentana?
The french troops had the breach loading chassepot rifle
