Source Event: The Capture of Rome 1870

Question 1

When was the dogma of Papal infallibility proclaimed?

Answer 1

July 1870

Question 2

When did the Vatican Council meet to agree the dogma of papal infallibility and how long had it been since the last meeting of it?

Answer 2

1869 first time since 16th century

Question 3

What was Pius’ concern about the era of the nation state?

Answer 3

In the age of the developing nation state, Pius was worried that Catholics across Europe would be forced to split their loyalty or choose between the papacy or their new state

Question 4

What does the declaration of Papal Infallibility do?

Answer 4

Declare the spiritual supremacy of the pope, with his pronouncements relating to faith and moral being indisputable

Question 5

Through what did the Pope claim control over education?

Answer 5

1866 syllabus of errors

Question 6

Which government took the opportunity of the departure of the French in 1870 due to the Franco-Prussian war in order to seize Rome?

Answer 6

The government of Lanza

Question 7

When was the plebiscite that annexed the Papal states?

Answer 7

2nd October

Question 8

When and how was Rome pronounced the capital of the new kingdom?

Answer 8

Royal decree of the 9th October 1870

Question 9

Apart from saying that Rome would be capital, what other thing did the Royal Decree of the 9th October do?

Answer 9

assure the Pope of his sovereignty

Question 10

The 1870 declaration of Papal infallibility was in direct parallel to what?

Answer 10

His loss of Temporal power

Question 11

What does Martin Clark argue about the Pope’s loss of temporal power?

Answer 11

That the papacy was among the biggest losers of the Risorgimento

Question 12

When was the Law of Guarantees?

Answer 12

May 1871

Question 13

How did the Pope reject the law of Guarantees?

Answer 13

He declared himself to be a prisoner in the vatican

Question 14

How did the Law of Guarantees May 1871 serve an important purpose for the Italian state?

Answer 14

It reassured the international community that the church’s freedom had been preserved so major powers recognised the new Italian state and sent representatives to the Quirinale Palace in rome

Question 15

Pius’ stand against the Italian state was also identified as a stand against what?

Answer 15

Liberalism, Secularism and Modernity

Question 16

What was to weaken the new Italy?

Answer 16

The operation of a state within a state, as the church had to form its won social organisations in its attempts to stand apart

Question 17

What was the March 1871 Tribunal regarding?

Answer 17

Whether it was expedient for Catholics to be involved with politics

Question 18

What did the March 1871 Tribunal say?

Answer 18

It was not expedient for Catholics to be involved with politics

Question 19

What was the implication of the ruling that it would not be expedient for Catholics to be involved with politics?

Answer 19

There was no mass conservative party on the right of Italian politics because Italy’s Catholics would have formed the heart of such a party. Catholics remained on the margin of the system for decades.