UNDF - Endocrine Flashcards
List the intrinsic eye muscles, their function & innervation. (4.5 marks)
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1) Ciliary body/muscle
- Functions → in accomodation/ changes the shape of the lens
- Innervation → parasympathetic fibres of the oculomotor nerve (CNIII)
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2) Sphincter pupillae/pupillary constrictor
- Functions → to change the diameter of the pupil/restricts the amount of light that enters the eye/constriction of the pupil (miosis).
- Innervation → parasympathetic fibres of the oculomotor nerve (CNIII)
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3) Pupillary dilator muscle/Radial muscle of iris/Dilator pupillae
- Functions → to increase the size of the pupil
- Innervation → Sympathetic nerves (short ciliary nerves)
From the diagram shown, indicate the name of the structure indicated by the arrow, its destination, and the visual field represented in this structure. (1.5 marks)
List 4 structures that pass through the cavernous sinus. (2 marks)
- Internal carotid artery
- Cranial nerve III = oculomotor
- CNIV = Trochlear
- V1 = Ophthalmic branch of Trigeminal
- V2 = Maxillary branch of Trigeminal
- CNVI = Abducens
- Perceiving emotion
- Facilitating thought using emotion
- Understanding emotions
- Managing emotions
Where is thyrotrophin-releasing (TRH) hormone made?
= Hypothalamus
Vagus
How is thyroid hormone transported in plasma?
= E. Primarily in the T4 form and is mostly bound to proteins, including TBG (thyroxine-binding globulin)
= A. ADH
= B. Addison’s disease
= A. Affinity for nuclear receptors in target tissues
= D. Prolactin
= C. Zona fasciculata → cortisol
= Sphenoid
= Acromegaly
= Cushing syndrome
= Addison’s disease
= Hyperthyroidism
= Hypothyroidism
= E. Increase in plasma reservoir for rapid replenishment of free hormone
