Murdoch - Anatomy: Skull, Brain, Meninges, Ventricles Flashcards
Review the main foramina in the skull floor. Which structures pass through each individual foramen?
- Cribriform plate → Olfactory nerve endings
- Optic canal → Optic nerve
- Superior orbital fissure → V1 (ophthalmic division), oculomotor nerve, abducens and trochlear nerves.
- Foramen rotundum → Maxillary division of trigeminal V
- Foramen lacerum → None. Filled with fibrocartilage.
- Carotid canal → Internal carotid artery
- Foramen ovale → Mandibular division of trigeminal V
- Foramen spinosum → Middle meningeal artery and meningeal nerve
- Internal auditory meatus → Vestibulocochlear and facial nerves
- Jugular foramen (internal jugular vein and what else?) → Glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves.
- Hypoglossal canal → Cranial nerve XII
- Foramen magnum (brainstem, vertebral arteries and what else?) → Cranial nerve XI (ascending)
Drag and drop each label onto its appropriate foramen.
Match the brain parts to their embryological origin.
- These are the secondary vesicle derivatives (the primary derivatives are prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon):
- Telencephalon (from prosencephalon) – cerebral hemispheres
- Diencephalon (from prosencephalon) – Thalamus and hypothalamus
- Mesencephalon – Midbrain
- Metencephalon (from rhombencephalon) – Pons and cerebellum
- Myelencephalon (from rhombencephalon) - Medulla
Answers:
- Cerebral hemispheres → Telencephalon
- Thalamus → Diencephalon
- Hypothalamus → Diencephalon
- Midbrain → Mesencephalon
- Pons → Metencephalon
- Cerebellum → Metencephalon
- Medulla → Myelencephalon
Identify the ventricular spaces indicated below.
- A → Body of the lateral ventricle
- B → Anterior horn of lateral ventricle
- C → Interventricular foramen
- D → Inferior horn of lateral ventricle
- E → Lateral aperature (Foramen of Luschka)
- F → Posterior horn of lateral ventricle
- G → Third ventricle
- H → Cerebral aqueduct
- I → 4th Ventricle
- J → Central canal
Label A to G
- A → Periosteal dura
- B → Meningeal dura
- C → Pia mater
- D → Arachnoid mater
- E → Arachnoid villi
- F → Subarachnoid space
- G → Falx cerebri
Which structure lies in the anterolateral wall of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle?
- a. Putamen
- b. Head of Caudate
- c. Globus pallidus
- d. Hippocampus
- e. Thalamus
Which structure lies in the anterolateral wall of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle?
- a. Putamen
- b. Head of Caudate
- c. Globus pallidus
- d. Hippocampus
- e. Thalamus
Which ventricular space lies in the midbrain?
- a. Lateral ventricle
- b. Interventricular foramen
- c. Third ventricle
- d. Cerebral aqueduct
- e. 4th ventricle
Which ventricular space lies in the midbrain?
- a. Lateral ventricle
- b. Interventricular foramen
- c. Third ventricle
- d. Cerebral aqueduct
- e. 4th ventricle
Drop the markers onto the appropriate structure
Label the skull sectioned
- A → Falx cerebri
- B → Inferior sagittal sinus
- C → Straight sinus
- D → Tentorium cerebelli
- E → Confluence of sinuses
- F → Falx cerebelli
- G → 4th Ventricle
- H → Medulla
- I → Sphenoid sinus
Bleeding of the vessel encircled will lead to what kind of haemorrhage?
- a. Subarachnoid haemorrhage
- b. Intracranial haemorrhage
- c. Extradural haemorrhage
- d. Subdural haemorrhage
= Subdural haemorrhage
Which blood vessel runs through the cavernous sinus?
- a. Anterior cerebral artery
- b. Middle cerebral artery
- c. Internal carotid artery
- d. Great cerebral vein
- e. Ophthalmic vein
Which blood vessel runs through the cavernous sinus?
- a. Anterior cerebral artery
- b. Middle cerebral artery
- c. Internal carotid artery
- d. Great cerebral vein
- e. Ophthalmic vein
The internal carotid artery travels through the cavernous sinus. Not surprisingly, this section of the internal carotid is called the cavernous segment. The curved shape of the ICA in this cavernous segment is known as the carotid siphon.
