Understanding the Situation and Issues Flashcards
What is a Stakeholder?
Those who have an interest in or may be affected by, the issue under consideration.
Stakeholder - why do projects fail?
Because the business does not consider the perspectives of stakeholders that are outside of the business envrionment, examples can be suppliers, partners, owners, etc..
What are the benefits of using a stakeholder based approach?
You cn use the opinions of the most powerful stakeholders to shape your project, you can gain early support, you can educate them to understand your change, you can anticipate people’s reaction.
In which two categories can stakeholders be divided in?
Those actively involved and those who will be affected by the project (but will not be involved directly).
Which methods can be used to identify stakeholders?
Hierarchical nomination, background research, rich pictures, RACI, the Stakeholder wheel.
What is hierarchical nomination?
The sponsor identifying the key stakeholders and those identifying the stakeholders underneath them. Sponsor > key manager > managr > team member.
What is Background Research?
Studies, PIDs, etc…
What are Rich Pictures?
They allow for a current snapshot of the business from which stakeholder can be identified from.
What is a RACI?
Allows to understand who is Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and Informed within a project.
What is a stakholder wheel?
8 generics stakeholders types that may be considered.
What are the components of a stakeholder wheel?
Partners (other organisations), Suppliers (product providers), Regulators (regulation enforcers), Employees, Managers, Owners (trustees), Competitors, Customers.
What are Qualitative Techniques?
An investigative technique which gathers quality views - examples are interviews, observations, focus groups, workshops, etc..
What is an Interview?
A one-to-one, it builds rapport and is confidential.
What is an Observation?
Allows to see what happens and identify problems.
What are Workshops?
Allow for a broad view and consensus - quick buy in.
What are Focus Groups?
Allow for identification of customer’s and staff’s views.
What are Scenarios?
We can tell nthe story of a task and identify expectations.
What are Quantiative Techniques?
They produce numbers, they produce specific values for observed properties.
What is a Questionnarie?
Provides limited information from lots of people.
What is a Special Purpose Record?
Staff recording simple data on the job.
What is Activity Sampling?
An analyst recording the data on the job - provides higher accuracy.
What is Document Analysis?
Analysis of the documents - it supplements the other techniques.
What is the problem with representing business situations?
They don’t provide all the detail and clear perspective required.
What is a Rich Picture?
They allow analyst to draw out the current business situation. What is of interest or significance should be depicted.
What are some elements of a Rich Picture?
There is structure, the aspects of the work context that are slow to change. There are processes which are transformations that occur. There are concerns and ‘crossed swords’ used to highlight stakeholder tension.
What are Mind Maps?
They are used to summarise lots of information about business systems or problem situations.
What is a Business Process Model?
A diagram showing all the tasks carried out within the process, it shows the actors responsible for these actions.
What is a Spaghetti Map?
Similar to swimlane diagram but it allows to show movement.
What is a Fishbone Diagram?
Useful to get a group to think in a structured way about issues. It can be used to identify root causes.
What is a Business Need Log?
Doucment identifying the issues so that they are not lost - it forms the basis for the requirements list or catalogue.
