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104 Theme 1 - The Alimentary System > Understanding the peritoneal cavity > Flashcards

Understanding the peritoneal cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gastrula?

A

the stage following the blastula. Embryo develops 3 layers: ecto-, meso- and endoderm

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2
Q

In the developing embryo, what does the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm go on to form?

A

Endoderm - majority of gut, including most of epithelium and glands of digestive tract

Mesoderm - muscular layers

Ectoderm - epithelium at extremities of tract (cranial and caudal)

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3
Q

Label the 3 layers of the gastrula in the developing fetus

A
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4
Q

How is the primitive gut formed?

A

•Formed as a result of two folds:

Cranial-caudal (head to tail)

Lateral (side to side)

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5
Q

At 4 weeks the cranial and caudal ends are still closed by which 2 membranes?

A

Bucco-pharyngeal

Cloacal

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6
Q

Which contents make up the foregut, midgut and hindgut?

A

FOREGUT -

Oesophagus

Stomach

Proximal half Duodenum

Liver

Pancreas

MIDGUT - Distal half duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Cecum, Ascending & ¾ Transverse Colon

HINDGUT - ¼ Transverse, Descending & Sigmoid Colon, & rectum

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7
Q

Label the forgut, midgut and hindgut

A
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8
Q

How is the primitive gut held in place?

A

•Held in position by mesenteries (a structure of mesodermal origin)

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9
Q

What is mesentry formed by?

A

Mesentery – formed by a double layer of peritoneum

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of mesentry?

A

Mesentery – dorsal or ventral according to its relative position with respect to gut tube

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11
Q

Complete the diagam of the primitive gut

A
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12
Q

What is the role of the mesentry?

A
  • Suspends gut organs
  • Pathway for blood, innervation & lymphatics to reach the gut
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13
Q

_________ mesentery degenerates during development, except for ________

A

Ventral

Foregut

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14
Q

How does gut rotation anomaly occur?

A
  • Duodenum constriction
  • Midgut volvulus, leading to ischaemia, necrosis or possibly death
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15
Q

What are the symptoms of gut rotation anomaly?

A
  • Vomiting
  • Pain
  • Abdominal distention
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16
Q

What does the dorsal mesentry attach?

A

Attaches gut organs to posterior abdominal wall (‘back’)

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17
Q

What does the dorsal mesentery give rise too?

A

Gastrosplenic ligament

Lienorenal ligament

Greater omentum

Mesentery of small & large intestine

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18
Q

What does the ventral mesentery give rise to?

A

(foregut only)

Ligaments around the liver

Falciform ligament

Lesser omentum

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19
Q

Where is the lesser omentum situated?

A
  • Attaches lesser curvature stomach to back of liver
  • Has a free edge
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20
Q

Complete the diagram of the anatomical regions

A
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21
Q

What is the superior border of the abdomen?

A

Diaphragm

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22
Q

What is the abdominal cavity also known as?

A

•Abdominal cavity occasionally called Abdominopelvic

(Abdomen proper + greater pelvis)

23
Q

Which anatomical structure is continuous with the lesser pelvis?

A

Greater pelvis

24
Q

Complete the diagram

25
What makes up the external abdominal wall?
* Flat abdominal muscles * Lumbar vertebral column
26
Which muscles make up the anterior abdominal wall?
External oblique Internal oblique Transversus abdominis Rectus abdominis
27
External oblique To From
From: outer surface of lower eight ribs To: linea alba iliac crest pubic tubercle
28
Internal oblique From To
From: lat 1/3 inguinal ligament ant 2/3 of iliac crest To: linea alba costal margin crest of pubic bone
29
Transversus abdominis From To
From: lat 1/3 inguinal ligament int surf lower 6 ribs iliac crest To: linea alba crest of pubic bone
30
Rectus abdominis From To
From: pubic symphysis + crest To: xyphoid process 5th-7th costal cartilages
31
Which muscle is this?
Internal oblique
32
Which muscle is this?
External oblique
33
Which muscle is this?
Transversus abdominis
34
Which muscle is this?
Rectus abdominis
35
What is the blood supply / drainage of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?
Arteries: Sup and Inf epigastric, intercostal, circumflex iliac Veins: thoracoepigastric (between lat thoracic and Sup epigastric)
36
What is the innervation of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?
Thoracoabdominal nerves (also thoracic and subcostal nerves for rectus abdominis)
37
What is the function of each muscle of the anterior abdominal wall?
Ext Obl: work with Int Obl for torsional movement of trunk Int Obl: flex and rotate trunk; compress viscera Transv Abd: compress and support viscera Rectus Abd: flexes trunk; compress viscera
38
Complete the diagram
39
Complete the diagram
40
Which ligament is this?
Falciform ligament
41
Locate the lesser omentum
42
How are the lesser/greater sacs formed?
•Formed as a result of organ rotation
43
Where are the greater/lesser sacs located?
* Lesser sac behind stomach * Rest of peritoneal cavity – greater sac
44
How do the greater/lesser sacs communicate?
• Communicate via the epiploic foramen (of Winslow)
45
What is the light grey and dark grey arrows pointing at?
Light grey - lesser sac Dark grey - Free edge of the lesser omentum
46
What is the purpose of the inguinal canal?
•The inguinal canal serves as a passageway for the - spermatic cord to reach the scrotum in the male - the round ligament of the uterus to reach the labia majora in the female
47
What is the inguinal canal limited by?
•Limited by the superficial and deep inguinal rings (DR)
48
Which structures travel through the inguinal canal in both genders?
For both genders the genital nerve (a branch from the genitofemoral) and other blood and lymphatic vessels also travel through this canal
49
Which gender has a larger inguinal canal?
Males
50
What does the spermatic cord consist of?
vas deferens, gonadal vessels, nerves, lymphatics and the cremaster muscle.
51
As the spermatic cord passes through the abdominal wall it takes a sleeve or covering from with 3 layers?
- transversalis fascia =\> contributes the innermost covering of the spermatic cord – the internal spermatic fascia - internal oblique =\> contributes the middle covering layer to the cord – the cremasteric fascia - the external oblique =\> contributes the outer covering of the cord – the external spermatic fascia
52
Complete the diagram
53
Complete the diagram

104 Theme 1 - The Alimentary System (17 decks)

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