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104 Theme 1 - The Alimentary System > Understanding the peritoneal cavity > Flashcards

Understanding the peritoneal cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gastrula?

A

the stage following the blastula. Embryo develops 3 layers: ecto-, meso- and endoderm

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2
Q

In the developing embryo, what does the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm go on to form?

A

Endoderm - majority of gut, including most of epithelium and glands of digestive tract

Mesoderm - muscular layers

Ectoderm - epithelium at extremities of tract (cranial and caudal)

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3
Q

Label the 3 layers of the gastrula in the developing fetus

A
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4
Q

How is the primitive gut formed?

A

•Formed as a result of two folds:

Cranial-caudal (head to tail)

Lateral (side to side)

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5
Q

At 4 weeks the cranial and caudal ends are still closed by which 2 membranes?

A

Bucco-pharyngeal

Cloacal

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6
Q

Which contents make up the foregut, midgut and hindgut?

A

FOREGUT -

Oesophagus

Stomach

Proximal half Duodenum

Liver

Pancreas

MIDGUT - Distal half duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Cecum, Ascending & ¾ Transverse Colon

HINDGUT - ¼ Transverse, Descending & Sigmoid Colon, & rectum

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7
Q

Label the forgut, midgut and hindgut

A
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8
Q

How is the primitive gut held in place?

A

•Held in position by mesenteries (a structure of mesodermal origin)

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9
Q

What is mesentry formed by?

A

Mesentery – formed by a double layer of peritoneum

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of mesentry?

A

Mesentery – dorsal or ventral according to its relative position with respect to gut tube

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11
Q

Complete the diagam of the primitive gut

A
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12
Q

What is the role of the mesentry?

A
  • Suspends gut organs
  • Pathway for blood, innervation & lymphatics to reach the gut
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13
Q

_________ mesentery degenerates during development, except for ________

A

Ventral

Foregut

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14
Q

How does gut rotation anomaly occur?

A
  • Duodenum constriction
  • Midgut volvulus, leading to ischaemia, necrosis or possibly death
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15
Q

What are the symptoms of gut rotation anomaly?

A
  • Vomiting
  • Pain
  • Abdominal distention
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16
Q

What does the dorsal mesentry attach?

A

Attaches gut organs to posterior abdominal wall (‘back’)

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17
Q

What does the dorsal mesentery give rise too?

A

Gastrosplenic ligament

Lienorenal ligament

Greater omentum

Mesentery of small & large intestine

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18
Q

What does the ventral mesentery give rise to?

A

(foregut only)

Ligaments around the liver

Falciform ligament

Lesser omentum

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19
Q

Where is the lesser omentum situated?

A
  • Attaches lesser curvature stomach to back of liver
  • Has a free edge
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20
Q

Complete the diagram of the anatomical regions

A
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21
Q

What is the superior border of the abdomen?

A

Diaphragm

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22
Q

What is the abdominal cavity also known as?

A

•Abdominal cavity occasionally called Abdominopelvic

(Abdomen proper + greater pelvis)

23
Q

Which anatomical structure is continuous with the lesser pelvis?

A

Greater pelvis

24
Q

Complete the diagram

A
25
Q

What makes up the external abdominal wall?

A
  • Flat abdominal muscles
  • Lumbar vertebral column
26
Q

Which muscles make up the anterior abdominal wall?

A

External oblique

Internal oblique

Transversus abdominis

Rectus abdominis

27
Q

External oblique

To

From

A

From: outer surface of lower eight ribs

To: linea alba

iliac crest

pubic tubercle

28
Q

Internal oblique

From

To

A

From: lat 1/3 inguinal ligament

ant 2/3 of iliac crest

To: linea alba

costal margin

crest of pubic bone

29
Q

Transversus abdominis

From

To

A

From: lat 1/3 inguinal ligament

int surf lower 6 ribs

iliac crest

To: linea alba

crest of pubic bone

30
Q

Rectus abdominis

From

To

A

From: pubic symphysis + crest

To: xyphoid process

5th-7th costal cartilages

31
Q

Which muscle is this?

A

Internal oblique

32
Q

Which muscle is this?

A

External oblique

33
Q

Which muscle is this?

A

Transversus abdominis

34
Q

Which muscle is this?

A

Rectus abdominis

35
Q

What is the blood supply / drainage of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Arteries: Sup and Inf epigastric, intercostal, circumflex iliac

Veins: thoracoepigastric

(between lat thoracic and Sup epigastric)

36
Q

What is the innervation of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Thoracoabdominal nerves (also thoracic and subcostal nerves for rectus abdominis)

37
Q

What is the function of each muscle of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Ext Obl: work with Int Obl for torsional movement of trunk

Int Obl: flex and rotate trunk; compress viscera

Transv Abd: compress and support viscera

Rectus Abd: flexes trunk; compress viscera

38
Q

Complete the diagram

A
39
Q

Complete the diagram

A
40
Q

Which ligament is this?

A

Falciform ligament

41
Q

Locate the lesser omentum

A
42
Q

How are the lesser/greater sacs formed?

A

•Formed as a result of organ rotation

43
Q

Where are the greater/lesser sacs located?

A
  • Lesser sac behind stomach
  • Rest of peritoneal cavity – greater sac
44
Q

How do the greater/lesser sacs communicate?

A

• Communicate via the epiploic foramen (of Winslow)

45
Q

What is the light grey and dark grey arrows pointing at?

A

Light grey - lesser sac

Dark grey - Free edge of the lesser omentum

46
Q

What is the purpose of the inguinal canal?

A

•The inguinal canal serves as a passageway for the

  • spermatic cord to reach the scrotum in the male
  • the round ligament of the uterus to reach the labia majora in the female
47
Q

What is the inguinal canal limited by?

A

•Limited by the superficial and deep inguinal rings (DR)

48
Q

Which structures travel through the inguinal canal in both genders?

A

For both genders the genital nerve (a branch from the genitofemoral) and other blood and lymphatic vessels also travel through this canal

49
Q

Which gender has a larger inguinal canal?

A

Males

50
Q

What does the spermatic cord consist of?

A

vas deferens, gonadal vessels, nerves, lymphatics and the cremaster muscle.

51
Q

As the spermatic cord passes through the abdominal wall it takes a sleeve or covering from with 3 layers?

A
  • transversalis fascia => contributes the innermost covering of the spermatic cord – the internal spermatic fascia
  • internal oblique => contributes the middle covering layer to the cord –

the cremasteric fascia

  • the external oblique => contributes the outer covering of the cord –

the external spermatic fascia

52
Q

Complete the diagram

A
53
Q

Complete the diagram

A

104 Theme 1 - The Alimentary System (17 decks)

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