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104 Theme 1 - The Alimentary System > Contents of the abdomen > Flashcards

Contents of the abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 subdivisions of the abdomen?

A
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2
Q

What are the 9 subdivisions of the abdomen?

A
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3
Q

What structures are located within the right upper quadrant?

A

RIGHT UPPER

Right lobe of liver

Gallbladder

Duodenum

Head of Pancreas

Hepatic flexure of colon

Part of ascending and transverse colon

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4
Q

What structures are located within the right lower quadrant?

A

Cecum

Appendix

Ascending colon

Small intestine

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5
Q

What structures are located within the left lower quadrant?

A

Small intestine

Descending colon

Sigmoid Colon

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6
Q

What structures are located within the left upper quadrant?

A

Stomach

Spleen

Left lobe of liver

Body of pancreas

Splenic flexure of colon

Part of transverse and descending colon

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7
Q

What processes occur in the digestive system?

A
  • Ingestion (‘taking in’)
  • Secretion of digestive fluids
  • Mixing and propulsion
  • Digestion (‘breaking down’)
  • Absorption
  • Defecation
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8
Q

Complete the histological diagram of intestine

A
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9
Q

What are the serous histological components?

A

the outer membrane; encloses several body cavities; secrete a lubricating fluid; outer epithelial layer (secretory) and inner layer (connective tissue with vessels)

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10
Q

What are the muscular histological components?

A

longitudinal or circular; responsible for movement of lumen contents

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11
Q

What are the muscosal histological components?

A

inner layer; lines internal organs or cavities exposed to external environment; secrete mucus; also involved in absorption

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12
Q

What parts of the digestive tract are above and below the diaphragm?

A
  • Oral cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Oesophagus

DIAPHRAGM

  • Stomach
  • Small intestine

(duodenum, jejunum, ileum)

•Large intestine (colon)

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13
Q

Complete the diagram

A
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14
Q

What are the components and roles of the oral cavity?

A
  • Teeth - Accessory organs; assist mechanical digestion
  • Palate - Roof of mouth; soft palate blocks nasal cavity during swallowing
  • Tongue - Accessory organ; taste; assist mixing; swallowing
  • Salivary glands - Secretion of saliva (dissolve foods)
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15
Q

What is the role of the pharynx?

A

Directs food to oesophagus; blocks entry to trachea

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16
Q

Where is the oesophagus located?

A
  • Posterior to trachea
  • Upper edge - pharynx
  • ‘Pierces’ diaphragm
  • Opens to stomach
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17
Q

What is the oesophagus?

A

•Muscular tube ~ 25cm long

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18
Q

What is the most dilated part of alimentary canal?

A

Stomach

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19
Q

Where is the stomach positioned?

A

• J-shaped; lies under the diaphragm and under the heart

20
Q

How many curvatures does the stomach have?

A

2

  • Lesser curvature (superior border)
  • Greater curvature (inferior border)
21
Q

How many openings does the stomach have?

A

2

  • Cardial orifice – link to oesophagus
  • Pyloric orifice – link to small intestine
22
Q

What types of digestion occur in the stomach?

A

• Mechanical (muscle) and chemical (gastric juices) digestion

23
Q
A
24
Q

What are the sphincters in the stomach?

A

• Pyloric and cardial sphincters

25
Q

How many layers of muscle is there?

A

•3 – layered muscles:

longitudinal, circular, oblique

26
Q

What is the structure of the small intestine?

A
  • Convoluted tube
  • Pylorus of stomach to ileocaecal junction
  • 5 metres in length
27
Q

What are the divisions of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

28
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

• Where digestion and absorption take place

29
Q

What is the structure of the duodenum?

A
  • Duodenum – ‘12 fingers’, i.e. about 20-25 cm long
  • Ends at the duodenal – jejunal flexure
30
Q

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

A

•C shaped – 4 parts:

superior, descending, horizontal, ascending

31
Q

What is the role of the duodenum?

A

• Where the duct from the pancreas + gall bladder open (bile and pancreatic juices)

32
Q

What is the structure of the jejunum / ilium?

A
  • At least 3 m long, from duodenal - jejunal flexure to ileocaecal junction
  • Motility: one attached and one free edges
33
Q

What is the role of the jejunum / ileum?

A

• Site of absorption: large surface area, further increased by circular folds + villi + microvilli; motility

34
Q

What is the structure of the large intestine?

A
  • Terminal division of the GI tract – from end ileum to anus
  • 1.5 m length; greater cross section compared to small
35
Q

What is the role of the large intestine?

A

• Absorption of water, from faeces and expelling these

36
Q

What are the sections of the large intestine?

A

•4 parts (from right to left):

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

37
Q

Complete the table

A
38
Q

What are the branches of the superior mesenteric?

A
  • Jejunal and ileal branches
  • Middle colic
  • Right colic
  • Ileocaecal
39
Q

Complete the diagram of the blood vessels

A
40
Q

What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric?

A
  • Left colic
  • Sigmoid
  • Superior rectal
41
Q

Complete the diagram of the blood vessels

A
42
Q

Label the lymphatics

A
43
Q

Where does the sympathetic innervation of the abdomen originate from?

A
  • Splanchnic nerves
  • Symp trunk and ganglia
44
Q

Where does the parasympathetic innervation of the abdomen originate from?

A

Vagus nerve (CNX)

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)

45
Q

What are the 4 gut associated glands?

A
  • Liver
  • Spleen
  • Gall bladder
  • Pancreas

104 Theme 1 - The Alimentary System (17 decks)

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