Understanding Patient Behaviour

Question 1

Leventhal et al. (1985)

6 Factors believed to predict health behaviours?

Answer 1

1. Social factors, such as learning, reinforcement, modelling and social norms
2. Genetics, suggesting that perhaps there was some evidence for a genetic basis for alcohol use
3. Emotional factors, such as anxiety, stress, tension and fear
4. Perceived symptoms, such as pain, breathlessness and fatigue
5. The beliefs of the patient
6. The beliefs of the health professionals

Question 2

9 Modifiable Risk factors for CVD

Answer 2

1. smoking/tobacco use
2 poor diet
3. high blood cholesterol
4. high blood pressure
5. insufficient physical activity
6. overweight/obesity
7. diabetes
8. psychosocial stress (linked to people's ability to influence the potentially stressful environments in which they live)
9. excess alcohol consumption

Question 3

Treatment goals for CHD

Answer 3

1. Smoking cessation
2. Weight control
3. Addressing alcohol use
4. Stress Management
5. Resuming appropriate levels of exercise

Question 4

What is the Lay referral system?

Answer 4

Termed by Fredison (1970) 
If suffering from symptoms, the decision to seek medical help is often NOT takn solely by sufferer but instead the result from discussion with others.
Family
Friends
Colleagues

Question 5

Why patients consult a pharmacist?

Answer 5

1. minor ailments
2. confirmation of health status
3. because of pharmacists accesibilty
4. because they are a source of conventional and unorthodox treatment
5. to have medicine dispensed

Question 6

5 Factors that influence an individuals response to illness

Answer 6

1. Symptom visibility and perceived importance
2. Potential for symptoms to disrupt the community
3. Symptom denial for fear of it being serious
4. Deferring response to symptoms for competing demands e.g work or family
5. Frequency and persistence of symptoms

Question 7

5 Cardiac patients psychological needs

Answer 7

1. concerns about significance and impact of symptoms
2. Adherence or side effects from treatment
3. shock , disbelief about having a cardiac problem
4. coping and engaging in everyday activities
5. changes in their relationships and interactions with others

Question 8

3 main causes of medication non-adherence

Answer 8

1. Communication barriers
2. Socioeconomic
3. Motivation

Question 9

Lazarus and Folkman 1984

Answer 9

Stress and Coping Model

Question 10

Leventhal et al 1984

Answer 10

Common Sense Model

Question 11

COM-B Model: for understanding behaviour. What are the components?

Answer 11

1. Physical capability
2. Psychological capability
3. Reflective motivation
4. Automatic motivation
5. Physical opportunity
6. Social Opportunity