Understanding pathophysiology CH1 Flashcards
WHAT IS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY?
Pathophysiology is the study of alterations to normal function that result from a disease or disorder.
This altered condition may arise from an abnormal process within the body, or it may be the body’s response to a foreign substance that has entered the body.
WHAT IS ANATOMY?
Anatomy is the study of normal body structure — what the body and individual components look like, and how the body is organised.
WHAT IS PHYSIOLOGY?
Physiology is the study of normal body functions — the activities of the body and how its individual components work.
WHAT IS HOMEOSTASIS?
The body’s way of maintaining relatively constant equilibrium through positive and negative feedback loops
WHAT IS A DISORDER?
A disorder (or condition) refers to disturbances or abnormality of function and indicates incomplete health. (Other general terms that are used include illness and sickness .
WHAT IS SYNDROME?
Syndrome refers to a set of signs and symptoms that occur together and are often specific to a particular syndrome, but usually the actual cause of the syndrome is unknown.
WHAT IS DISEASE?
Disease is a specific term reserved for the characteristic or distinguishing features that correspond to a particular pathophysiological condition.
WHAT IS AETIOLOGY?
The aetiology of a disorder or disease refers to the underlying cause. In some cases, the aetiology may be well known, while in other cases the underlying cause of the illness is poorly understood.
WHAT IS DISEASE ONSET?
The onset of disease refers to how quickly a disease develops; this information usually assists in determining the correct diagnosis
WHAT IS ACUTE DISEASE?
An acute disease or condition usually develops quickly and resolves or heals quickly, but can be mild, severe or even fatal.
WHAT IS CHRONIC DISEASE?
Chronic disease or condition develops more gradually and lasts for a longer time, even a lifetime. Chronic diseases may also recur frequently. Similar to acute diseases, chronic diseases can be mild, severe or fatal.
WHAT IS EPIDEMIOLOGY?
Epidemiology is the study of factors that affect the health of populations and it includes information about each type of disease
WHAT IS INCIDENCE?
The incidence of a disease refers to the number of new cases that have been diagnosed and confirmed; it is usually calculated as the number of cases that are diagnosed within one year.
WHAT IS PREVELANCE?
Prevalence of a disease includes the number of new cases, as well as those who have been diagnosed previously.
WHAT IS MORBIDITY?
The term ‘morbidity’ is often restricted to those disorders that result in a substantial loss of function and therefore present a significant impact on individuals concerned as well as the healthcare system.
WHAT IS COMORBIDITY?
Comorbidity refers to the presence of another disease or condition in the same patient or group of patients.
SUPERIOR
Superior means towards the head;
INFERIOR
inferior means towards the feet.
ANTERIOR
Anterior means towards the front
POSTERIOR
posterior means towards the back
MEDIAL
Medial means towards the middle or midsagittal section
LATERAL
lateral means away from the midline, or towards the side.
PROXIMAL
Proximal means towards the point of attachment to the body trunk
DISTAL
distal means further from the point of attachment.
SUPERFICIAL
Superficial means towards the body skin or surface
DEEP
deep means towards the body centre or core.
CENTRAL
Central means towards the body core, usually the head and trunk
PRIPHERAL
peripheral means towards the body periphery or extremities
DORSAL CAVITY
The dorsal cavity is in the dorsal (back) part of the body and contains the central nervous system.
VENTRAL CAVITY
The ventral cavity is on the ventral (front) side of the trunk and contains most of the internal organs of the trunk.
WHAT IS THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord and neurons, which sense variables throughout the body and stimulate the muscles to contract.
WHAT IS THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM?
The endocrine system consists of the organs, glands and cells that secrete hormones to regulate the anatomy and physiology of particular targets;
WHAT IS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM?
The immune system consists of a range of cell types and tissues that protects and defends the body from destruction by foreign particles including bacteria, viruses and cancer cells.
WHAT IS THE INGUMENTARY SYSTEM?
The integumentary system comprises the skin and mucous membranes (in areas without skin) that form the external covering of the body.
WHAT IS THE HAEMATOLOGICAL SYSTEM?
The haematological system comprises the blood and bone marrow that form the blood components. The general functions of the blood are the transport of nutrients and wastes, and protection
WHAT IS THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM?
The musculoskeletal system (muscles and bones) allows the body to move, as well as providing physical support for the internal organs. The functions of this system are far more critical than just allowing us to move
WHAT IS THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM?
he cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels, which provide the means for the blood to travel to every body cell.
WHAT I STHE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?
The respiratory system (respiratory tract and lungs) exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment, as well as enabling the production of speech.
WHAT I STHE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM?
The digestive system includes the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder and pancreas.
WHAT I STHE URINARY SYSTEM?
In the urinary system , fluid, electrolyte and acid–base balance is performed by the kidneys, with excess fluid and a range of wastes exiting the body in the urine.
WHAT IS THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM?
The reproductive system consists of glands and organs that allow for the production of offspring.
HYDROPHILIC
Water loving
HYDROPHOBIC
Water hating
ALKALOSIS
PH level to high
ACIDOSIS
PH level to low
Increased level of hydrogen ions
Normal PH range?
7.35 - 7.45
WHAT ARE THE MOLECULES OF LIFE?
proteins, lipids and carbohydrates
WHAT ARE PROTEINS?
A protein is a large molecule consisting of many amino acids linked together.
WHAT ARE LIPIDS?
Lipids consist of fats (solid at room temperature) and oils (liquid at room temperature) comprised of the molecule glycerol, with some fatty acids linked to it.
WHAT ARE CARBOHYDRATES?
Carbohydrates are your body’s main source of energy: They help fuel your brain, kidneys, heart muscles, and central nervous system.
