Understanding Musculoskeletal

Question 1

what is the composition of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 1

1. bone
2. connective tissue : composed of bone tendons ligaments fascia and bursae
3. voluntary muscle

Question 2

what is the purpose of ligaments?

Answer 2

connects bone to bone and protects stabilizes the joints

Question 3

what is the purpose of tendons?

Answer 3

connects muscle to bone
helps facilitate the movement

Question 4

what is the purpose of fascia?

Answer 4

connective tissue that encloses and stabalizes and seperates the muscle and internal organs

Question 5

what is the purpose of bursae?

Answer 5

fluid filled sac that is lined with synovail tissue
helps protect the joint

Question 6

what is the purpose of muscoloskeletal system?

Answer 6

protects body organs and provides suppoet and stability
store minerals and allows coordinated movement

Question 7

what is synarthrotic and amphiarthrotic joints?

Answer 7

synarthotic is immovable (part of skull)
amphiarthrotic is slightly moveable (vertebrae and pubis cartilage)

Question 8

what is diarthodial joint?

Answer 8

freely moveable joints (greater trochanter and femur cartilage)

Question 9

what is osteoblast cells?

Answer 9

bone forming cells
bone remodeling:
deposit of new bone by osteoblasts

Question 10

what is osteocytes?

Answer 10

mature bone cells

Question 11

what are osteoclasts?

Answer 11

break down bone tissue
bone remodeling: breakdown of old bone

Question 12

risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders are what? 10

Answer 12

autoimmune
calcium deficiency
falls
hyperuricemia
metabolic dis
neoplastic dis: conditions that cause tumor growth
obesity
postmenopausal states
trauma
injury

Question 13

what are some diagnostic tests and procedures?

Answer 13

radiography and mri : most commonly used and start with x-ray
athrocentesis: pulling of joint fluid
athroscopy
bone scan
bone or muscle biopsy
electromyography
less common procedures are biopsy and EMG

Question 14

Radiography and MRI interventions?

Answer 14

handle injured areas carefully
stabilize/support about and below the injured joint
administer analgesics as prescribed
remove any radio pack and metalic objects such as jewelry
ask pt if pregnant
shield testes, ovaries and pregnant abdomen
notify pt to lay still
HCP must wear a lead apron if in room

Question 15

what is a athrocentesis?

Answer 15

needle aspiration
used to diagnose joint inflammation and infection
aspirating the synovial fluid blood or pus through needle and joint cvity
corticosteriod may be injected to decrease inflammation

Question 16

athrocentesis interventions?

Answer 16

ensure informed consent has been obtained
administer analgesics as prescribed
rest 8-24hrs post procedure
notify hcp if fever or fever of joint occurs

Question 17

Athroscopy:

Answer 17

used to diagnose and treat acute and chronic disorders of joint
provide endoscopic exam of various joints
assessment of cartiladge abnormalities, loose body removal and trimming of cartiladge
biopsy can be performed during athroscopy

Question 18

athroscopy interventions ?

Answer 18

pt will be npo 8-24hrs
ensure consent obtained
admin analgesics
neurovasc assess per policy
elastic compression 2-4days post op
weight-bearing activity encouraged but should be limited 1-4days per provider
elevate and ice as needed for swelling 12-24 hrs post op
notify hcp of fever or swelling or increased pain more than 3 days post op

Question 19

nursing assesment of muscoloskeletal system? subjective data

Answer 19

• past health history
  what meds?? other surgeries?? health perception??
• nutritional metabolic pattern
• activity excersize pattern
• sleep rest pattern
• coping stress tolerance pattern

Question 20

nursing assessment of objective data?

Answer 20

• general overview with focused exam
  -physical exam: inspect, palpate, and motion and muscular assessment
• measurement
• use of assistive devices
  -posture or gait
  -straight leg raising

Question 21

gerontologic considerations: aging considerations?

Answer 21

• decreased bone density
• decreased muscle mass and strenght
  -decreased flexability and functional problems