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Lab Values Quiz > understanding lab values > Flashcards

understanding lab values Flashcards

1
Q

Physical therapists should not rely exclusively on a single laboratory finding; instead, they should also consider a variety of other clinical factors:

A

time the laboratory specimen was drawn, potential drug interactions, or the patient’s recent meals

significance of trends in the values over time

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2
Q

Up to 80% of patients with an acute MI will present with an elevation of ____ within ____ of onset of chest pain.

A

troponin
3 hours

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3
Q

it is not possible to determine whether racial differences in laboratory values are ____ or ____

A

genetic

related to lifestyle alone

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4
Q

African Americans tend to have ____ hemoglobin (Hgb) values compared to Caucasians

A

lower

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5
Q

Transwoman =

A

A person who identifies as female but was assigned the male sex.

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6
Q

Transman =

A

A person who identifies as male but was assigned the female sex.

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7
Q

If the patient is on hormone replacement therapy, physical therapists should use the ___ to determine the reference value

A

transitioned gender

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8
Q

If the patient is not receiving hormone therapy, physical therapists should use the patient’s ___ to determine the reference value

A

biological sex

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9
Q

a transwomen on estrogen replacement therapy should have her lab values compared to normal values of ___ due to the effects of estrogen on her physiology

A

females

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10
Q

a transman on testosterone should have his lab values compared to those of ___ due to the effects of testosterone on his physiology

A

males

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11
Q

the key factor is not whether the medical record assigns a patient a particular sex or whether the patient has undergone sexual reassignment surgery, but:

A

whether patients are taking hormone therapy that will affect their physiology and lab chemistry

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12
Q

White Blood Cells
Trending Upward
(leukocytosis)
> 11.0 10^9/L
causes:

A

Infection
Leukemia Neoplasm
Trauma
Surgery
Sickle-cell disease Stress/pain Medication-induced Smoking
Obesity
Congenital
Chronic inflammation Connective tissue
disease

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13
Q

White Blood Cells
Trending Upward
(leukocytosis)
> 11.0 10^9/L

presentation:

A

Fever
Malaise
Lethargy
Dizziness
Bleeding
Bruising
Weight loss (unintentional) Lymphadenopathy
Painful inflamed joints

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14
Q

White Blood Cells
Trending Upward
(leukocytosis)
> 11.0 10^9/L

Clinical Implications:

A

Consider timing of therapy session due to early-morning low level and late- afternoon high peak

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15
Q

White Blood Cells
Trending Downward
(leukopenia) < 4.0 10^9/L

causes:

A

Viral infections
Chemotherapy
Aplastic anemia
Autoimmune disease
Hepatitis

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16
Q

White Blood Cells
Trending Downward
(leukopenia) < 4.0 10^9/L

presentation:

A

Anemia
Weakness
Fatigue
Fever
Headache
Shortness of breath

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17
Q

White Blood Cells
Trending Downward
(neutropenia) < 1.5 10^9/L

causes:

A

Stem cell disorder
Bacterial infection
Viral infection
Radiation

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18
Q

White Blood Cells
Trending Downward
(neutropenia) < 1.5 109/L

presentation:

A

Low-grade fever
Skin abscesses
Sore mouth
Symptoms of pneumonia

19
Q

WBC reference values:

A

5.0-10.0 10^9/L

20
Q

____ = moderate neutropenia

A

0.5-1.0 109/L

21
Q

_____ = severe neutropenia

A

< 0.5 109/L

22
Q

Platelets
Trending Upward
(thrombocytosis)
> 450 k/uL

causes:

A

Splenectomy
Inflammation
Neoplasm/cancer
Stress
Iron deficiency
Infection
Hemorrhage
Hemolysis
High altitudes
Strenuous exercise
Trauma

23
Q

Platelets
Trending Upward
(thrombocytosis)
> 450 k/uL

presentation:

A

Weakness
Headache
Dizziness
Chest pain
Tingling in hands/feet

24
Q

Platelets
Trending Upward
(thrombocytosis)
> 450 k/uL

Clinical Implications:

A

Elevated levels can lead to venous thromboembolism.

25
Q

Platelets
Trending Downward (thrombocytopenia) < 150 k/uL

causes:

A

Viral infection
Nutrition deficiency
Leukemia
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Malignant cancer
Liver disease
Aplastic anemia
Premenstrual and postpartum

26
Q

Platelets
Trending Downward (thrombocytopenia) < 150 k/uL

presentation:

A

Petechiae
Ecchymosis
Fatigue
Jaundice
Splenomegaly
Risk for bleeding

27
Q

Platelets reference values:

A

140-400 k/uL13

28
Q

Hemoglobin - Assess:

A

anemia, blood loss, bone marrow suppression

29
Q

Hemoglobin
Trending Downward (anemia)

causes:

A

Hemorrhage
Nutritional deficiency
Neoplasia
Lymphoma
Systemic lupus erythematosus Sarcoidosis
Renal disease
Splenomegaly
Sickle cell anemia
Stress to bone marrow
RBC destruction

30
Q

Hemoglobin
Trending Downward (anemia)

presentation:

A

Decreased endurance
Decreased activity tolerance
Pallor Tachycardia

31
Q

Hemoglobin
Trending Downward (anemia)

clinical implications:

A

Monitor vitals including SpO2 to predict tissue perfusion.

May present with tachycardia and/or orthostatic hypotension

hospitalized patients who are hemodynamically stable and asymptomatic may transfuse at 7 g/dL

post surgical cardiac or orthopedic patients and those with underlying cardiovascular disease may transfuse at 8 g/dL

32
Q

Hemoglobin
Trending Upward
(polycythemia)

causes:

A

Congenital heart disease

Severe dehydration (or
hemoconcentration)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Severe burns High altitude

33
Q

Hemoglobin
Trending Upward
(polycythemia)

presentation:

A

Orthostasis
Presyncope
Dizziness
Arrhythmias
CHF onset/exacerbation Seizure
Symptoms of transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Symptoms of MI Angina

34
Q

Hemoglobin
Trending Upward
(polycythemia)

clinical implications:

A

Low critical values (< 5-7 g/dL) can lead to heart failure or death

High critical values (> 20 g/dL) can lead to clogging of capillaries as a result of hemoconcentration

35
Q

Hemoglobin reference values:

A

Male: 14-17.4 g/dL13

Female: 12-16 g/dL13

Note: Values are slightly decreased in elderly

36
Q

Hematocrit: Assess:

A

blood loss and fluid balance

37
Q

Hematocrit

Trending Upward
(polycythemia)

causes:

A

Burns
Eclampsia
Severe dehydration Erythrocytosis

Tend to be elevated with those living in higher altitude

Hypoxia due to chronic
pulmonary conditions (COPD, CHF)

38
Q

Hematocrit

Trending Upward
(polycythemia)

presentation:

A

Fever
Headache
Dizziness
Weakness
Fatigue
Easy bruising or bleeding

39
Q

Hematocrit

Trending Upward
(polycythemia)

clinical implications:

A

Low critical value (<15-20%) cardiac failure or death.

High critical value (>60%) spontaneous blood clotting

40
Q

Hematocrit

Trending Downward (anemia)

causes:

A

Leukemia
Bone marrow failure
Multiple myeloma
Dietary deficiency
Pregnancy
Hyperthyroidism
Cirrhosis
Rheumatoid arthritis Hemorrhage
High altitude

41
Q

Hematocrit

Trending Downward (anemia)

presentation:

A

Pale skin
Headache
Dizziness
Cold hands/feet
Chest pain
Arrhythmia
Shortness of breath

42
Q

Hematocrit

Trending Downward (anemia)

clinical implications:

A

Patient might have impaired endurance; progress slowly with activity

Might present with tachycardia and/or orthostatic hypotension

43
Q

Hematocrit reference values:

A

Male: 42-52%
Female: 37-47%

Values are slightly decreased in the elderly

Lab Values Quiz (10 decks)

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