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Lab Values Quiz > electrolyte panel > Flashcards

electrolyte panel Flashcards

1
Q

Sodium (Na) =

A

Primary determinant of extracellular fluid volume.

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2
Q

Sodium reference values =

A

134-142 mEq/L

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3
Q

Sodium (Na) Hypernatremia =

A

sodium level > 145 mEg/L

Trending Upward

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4
Q

Sodium (Na) Hypernatremia

causes:

A

Increased sodium intake
Severe vomiting CHF
Renal insufficiency
Cushing’s syndrome
Diabetes

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5
Q

Sodium (Na) Hypernatremia

presentation:

A

Irritability
Agitation
Seizure
Coma
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Decreased urinary output

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6
Q

Sodium (Na) Hypernatremia

clinical implications:

A

Impaired cognitive status

Seizure precautions for patients with past medical history

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7
Q

Sodium (Na) Hyponatremia =

A

(sodium level < 130mEq/L)

Trending Downward

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8
Q

Sodium (Na) Hyponatremia

causes:

A

Diuretic use
Gastrointestinal
impairment
Burns/wounds
Hypotonic IV use
Cirrhosis

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9
Q

Sodium (Na) Hyponatremia

presentation:

A

Headache
Lethargic
Decreased reflexes
Nausea and vomiting (N/V) Diarrhea
Seizure
Coma
Orthostatic hypotension
Pitting edema

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10
Q

Sodium (Na) Hyponatremia

clinical implications:

A

Impaired cognitive status

Monitor vitals secondary to risk for orthostatic hypotension

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11
Q

Potassium (K) =

A

Important for function of excitable cells such as nerves, muscles, and heart

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12
Q

Potassium (K) reference values =

A

3.7-5.1 mEq/L

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13
Q

Potassium (K) Hyperkalemia =

A

(serum potassium levels > 5.5 mEq/L)

Trending Upward

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14
Q

Potassium (K) Hyperkalemia

causes:

A

Renal failure
Metabolic acidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Addison’s disease
Excess potassium supplements
Blood transfusion

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15
Q

Potassium (K) Hyperkalemia

presentation:

A

Muscle weakness/paralysis Paresthesia
Bradycardia
Heart block
Ventricular fibrillation
Cardiac arrest

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16
Q

Potassium (K) Hyperkalemia

clinical implications:

A

Patient at risk for cardiac issues > 5 mEq/L: Use symptoms-based approach when determining appropriateness for activity

Might exhibit muscle weakness during intervention

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17
Q

Potassium (K) Hypokalemia =

A

(serum potassium levels < 3.5 mEq/L)

Trending Downward

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18
Q

Potassium (K) Hypokalemia

causes:

A

Diarrhea/vomiting Gastrointestinal impairment Diuretics
Cushing’s syndrome Malnutrition
Restrictive diet
ETOH abuse

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19
Q

Potassium (K) Hypokalemia

presentation:

A

Extremity weakness
Decreased reflexes
Paresthesia
Leg cramps
EKG changes
Cardiac arrest
Hypotension
Constipation

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20
Q

Potassium (K) Hypokalemia

clinical implications:

A

Severe hypokalemia < 2.5 mEq/L: collaborate with interprofessional team

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21
Q

Calcium (Ca) =

A

Important for bone formation, cell division and growth, blood coagulation, muscle contraction, and release of neurotransmitters

22
Q

Calcium (Ca) reference values =

A

8.6-10.3 mg/dL

23
Q

Calcium (Ca) Hypercalcemia =

A

(high levels of calcium in blood) Trending Upward

24
Q

Calcium (Ca) Hypercalcemia

causes:

A

Excessive calcium supplements/antacids

Bone destruction – tumor

Immobilization Fracture
Excessive vitamin D
Cancer
Renal failure

25
Calcium (Ca) Hypercalcemia presentation:
Ventricular dysrhythmias Heart block Asystole Coma Lethargy Muscle weakness Decreased reflexes Constipation Nausea/vomiting
26
Calcium (Ca) Hypocalcemia =
(low levels of calcium in blood) Trending Downward
27
Calcium (Ca) Hypocalcemia causes:
ETOH abuse Poor dietary intake Limited GI absorption Pancreatitis Laxative use
28
Calcium (Ca) Hypocalcemia presentation:
Anxiety Confusion Agitation Seizure EKG changes Fatigue Numbness/tingling Increased reflexes Muscle cramps
29
Chloride (Cl) =
Important for fluid balance and acid base status
30
Chloride (Cl) reference values =
98-108 mEq/L
31
Chloride (Cl) Hyperchloremia =
(high levels of chloride in blood) Trending Upward
32
Chloride (Cl) Hyperchloremia causes:
High-salt, low-water diet Hypertonic IV Metabolic Acidosis Renal failure
33
Chloride (Cl) Hyperchloremia presentation:
Lethargy Decreased level of consciousness Weakness Edema Tachypnea Hypertension (HTN) Tachycardia
34
Hypochloremia =
(low levels of chloride in blood) Trending Downward
35
Chloride (Cl) Hypochloremia causes:
Low salt diet Water intoxication Diuresis Excessive vomiting and/or diarrhea
36
Chloride (Cl) Hypochloremia presentation:
Agitation Irritability Hypertonicity Increased reflexes Cramping Twitching
37
Phosphate (PO4) =
Necessary for bone formation, acid-base balance, and storage and transfer of energ
38
Phosphate (PO4) reference values =
2.3-4.1 mg/dL
39
Phosphate (PO4) Hyperphosphatemia =
(high level of phosphate in blood) Trending Upward
40
Phosphate (PO4) Hyperphosphatemia causes:
Bone destruction – tumor Immobilization Fracture Excessive vitamin D Cancer Renal failure
41
Phosphate (PO4) Hyperphosphatemia presentation:
Ventricular dysrhythmia Heart block Asystole Coma Lethargy Muscle weakness Decreased reflexes Constipation Nausea/vomting
42
Phosphate (PO4) Hypophosphatemia =
(low level of phosphate in blood) Trending Downward
43
Phosphate (PO4) Hypophosphatemia causes:
ETOH abuse Poor dietary Intake Limited GI absorption Pancreatitis Laxative Use
44
Phosphate (PO4) Hypophosphatemia presentation:
Anxiety Confusion Agitation Seizure EKG changes Fatigue Numbness/tingling Increased reflexes Muscle cramps
45
Magnesium (Mg) =
Concentrated in bone and muscle; concentration primarily regulated by kidneys (ordered separately from BMP)
46
Magnesium (Mg) reference values =
1.2-1.9 mEq/L
47
Magnesium (Mg) Hypermagnesemia =
(high level of magnesium in blood) Trending Upward
48
Magnesium (Mg) Hypomagnesemia causes:
Increased intake of antacids/magnesium citrate Renal failure Leukemia Dehydration
49
Magnesium (Mg) Hypomagnesemia presentation:
Diaphoresis N/V Drowsiness Lethargy Weakness flaccidity Decreased reflexes Hypotension Heart block
50
Magnesium (Mg) Hypomagnesemia =
(low level of magnesium in blood) Trending Downward
51
Magnesium (Mg) Hypomagnesemia causes:
ETOH abuse Eating disorders Diuresis DKA Medications
52
Magnesium (Mg) Hypomagnesemia presentations:
Increased reflexes Tremors Spasticity Seizures Nystagmus EKG changes (premature ventricular contraction (PVC) -> v tach -> v fib ) Emotional lability

Lab Values Quiz (10 decks)

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