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Lab Values Quiz > electrolyte panel > Flashcards

electrolyte panel Flashcards

1
Q

Sodium (Na) =

A

Primary determinant of extracellular fluid volume.

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2
Q

Sodium reference values =

A

134-142 mEq/L

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3
Q

Sodium (Na) Hypernatremia =

A

sodium level > 145 mEg/L

Trending Upward

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4
Q

Sodium (Na) Hypernatremia

causes:

A

Increased sodium intake
Severe vomiting CHF
Renal insufficiency
Cushing’s syndrome
Diabetes

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5
Q

Sodium (Na) Hypernatremia

presentation:

A

Irritability
Agitation
Seizure
Coma
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Decreased urinary output

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6
Q

Sodium (Na) Hypernatremia

clinical implications:

A

Impaired cognitive status

Seizure precautions for patients with past medical history

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7
Q

Sodium (Na) Hyponatremia =

A

(sodium level < 130mEq/L)

Trending Downward

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8
Q

Sodium (Na) Hyponatremia

causes:

A

Diuretic use
Gastrointestinal
impairment
Burns/wounds
Hypotonic IV use
Cirrhosis

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9
Q

Sodium (Na) Hyponatremia

presentation:

A

Headache
Lethargic
Decreased reflexes
Nausea and vomiting (N/V) Diarrhea
Seizure
Coma
Orthostatic hypotension
Pitting edema

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10
Q

Sodium (Na) Hyponatremia

clinical implications:

A

Impaired cognitive status

Monitor vitals secondary to risk for orthostatic hypotension

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11
Q

Potassium (K) =

A

Important for function of excitable cells such as nerves, muscles, and heart

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12
Q

Potassium (K) reference values =

A

3.7-5.1 mEq/L

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13
Q

Potassium (K) Hyperkalemia =

A

(serum potassium levels > 5.5 mEq/L)

Trending Upward

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14
Q

Potassium (K) Hyperkalemia

causes:

A

Renal failure
Metabolic acidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Addison’s disease
Excess potassium supplements
Blood transfusion

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15
Q

Potassium (K) Hyperkalemia

presentation:

A

Muscle weakness/paralysis Paresthesia
Bradycardia
Heart block
Ventricular fibrillation
Cardiac arrest

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16
Q

Potassium (K) Hyperkalemia

clinical implications:

A

Patient at risk for cardiac issues > 5 mEq/L: Use symptoms-based approach when determining appropriateness for activity

Might exhibit muscle weakness during intervention

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17
Q

Potassium (K) Hypokalemia =

A

(serum potassium levels < 3.5 mEq/L)

Trending Downward

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18
Q

Potassium (K) Hypokalemia

causes:

A

Diarrhea/vomiting Gastrointestinal impairment Diuretics
Cushing’s syndrome Malnutrition
Restrictive diet
ETOH abuse

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19
Q

Potassium (K) Hypokalemia

presentation:

A

Extremity weakness
Decreased reflexes
Paresthesia
Leg cramps
EKG changes
Cardiac arrest
Hypotension
Constipation

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20
Q

Potassium (K) Hypokalemia

clinical implications:

A

Severe hypokalemia < 2.5 mEq/L: collaborate with interprofessional team

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21
Q

Calcium (Ca) =

A

Important for bone formation, cell division and growth, blood coagulation, muscle contraction, and release of neurotransmitters

22
Q

Calcium (Ca) reference values =

A

8.6-10.3 mg/dL

23
Q

Calcium (Ca) Hypercalcemia =

A

(high levels of calcium in blood) Trending Upward

24
Q

Calcium (Ca) Hypercalcemia

causes:

A

Excessive calcium supplements/antacids

Bone destruction – tumor

Immobilization Fracture
Excessive vitamin D
Cancer
Renal failure

25
Q

Calcium (Ca) Hypercalcemia

presentation:

A

Ventricular dysrhythmias
Heart block
Asystole
Coma
Lethargy
Muscle weakness
Decreased reflexes Constipation
Nausea/vomiting

26
Q

Calcium (Ca) Hypocalcemia =

A

(low levels of calcium in blood) Trending Downward

27
Q

Calcium (Ca) Hypocalcemia

causes:

A

ETOH abuse
Poor dietary intake
Limited GI absorption Pancreatitis
Laxative use

28
Q

Calcium (Ca) Hypocalcemia

presentation:

A

Anxiety
Confusion
Agitation
Seizure
EKG changes
Fatigue
Numbness/tingling
Increased reflexes
Muscle cramps

29
Q

Chloride (Cl) =

A

Important for fluid balance and acid base status

30
Q

Chloride (Cl) reference values =

A

98-108 mEq/L

31
Q

Chloride (Cl) Hyperchloremia =

A

(high levels of chloride in blood) Trending Upward

32
Q

Chloride (Cl) Hyperchloremia

causes:

A

High-salt, low-water diet Hypertonic IV
Metabolic Acidosis
Renal failure

33
Q

Chloride (Cl) Hyperchloremia

presentation:

A

Lethargy

Decreased level of consciousness

Weakness
Edema
Tachypnea
Hypertension (HTN) Tachycardia

34
Q

Hypochloremia =

A

(low levels of chloride in blood) Trending Downward

35
Q

Chloride (Cl) Hypochloremia

causes:

A

Low salt diet
Water intoxication
Diuresis

Excessive vomiting and/or diarrhea

36
Q

Chloride (Cl) Hypochloremia

presentation:

A

Agitation
Irritability
Hypertonicity
Increased reflexes
Cramping Twitching

37
Q

Phosphate (PO4) =

A

Necessary for bone formation, acid-base balance, and storage and transfer of energ

38
Q

Phosphate (PO4) reference values =

A

2.3-4.1 mg/dL

39
Q

Phosphate (PO4) Hyperphosphatemia =

A

(high level of phosphate in blood)

Trending Upward

40
Q

Phosphate (PO4) Hyperphosphatemia

causes:

A

Bone destruction – tumor

Immobilization Fracture

Excessive vitamin D

Cancer

Renal failure

41
Q

Phosphate (PO4) Hyperphosphatemia

presentation:

A

Ventricular dysrhythmia
Heart block
Asystole
Coma
Lethargy
Muscle weakness
Decreased reflexes Constipation
Nausea/vomting

42
Q

Phosphate (PO4) Hypophosphatemia =

A

(low level of phosphate in blood)

Trending Downward

43
Q

Phosphate (PO4) Hypophosphatemia

causes:

A

ETOH abuse
Poor dietary Intake
Limited GI absorption Pancreatitis
Laxative Use

44
Q

Phosphate (PO4) Hypophosphatemia

presentation:

A

Anxiety
Confusion
Agitation
Seizure
EKG changes
Fatigue
Numbness/tingling Increased reflexes
Muscle cramps

45
Q

Magnesium (Mg) =

A

Concentrated in bone and muscle; concentration primarily regulated by kidneys (ordered separately from BMP)

46
Q

Magnesium (Mg) reference values =

A

1.2-1.9 mEq/L

47
Q

Magnesium (Mg) Hypermagnesemia =

A

(high level of magnesium in blood)

Trending Upward

48
Q

Magnesium (Mg) Hypomagnesemia

causes:

A

Increased intake of antacids/magnesium citrate

Renal failure

Leukemia

Dehydration

49
Q

Magnesium (Mg) Hypomagnesemia

presentation:

A

Diaphoresis
N/V
Drowsiness
Lethargy
Weakness flaccidity
Decreased reflexes Hypotension
Heart block

50
Q

Magnesium (Mg) Hypomagnesemia =

A

(low level of magnesium in blood)

Trending Downward

51
Q

Magnesium (Mg) Hypomagnesemia

causes:

A

ETOH abuse
Eating disorders
Diuresis
DKA
Medications

52
Q

Magnesium (Mg) Hypomagnesemia

presentations:

A

Increased reflexes
Tremors
Spasticity
Seizures
Nystagmus

EKG changes (premature ventricular contraction (PVC) -> v tach -> v fib )

Emotional lability

Lab Values Quiz (10 decks)

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