Understanding Human Development and Self-Development Flashcards
This falls under the basic issues in human development which refers to a process gradually augmenting the same type of skills that was there to begin with.
Continuous
It is a process in which new and different ways of interpreting and responding to the world emerge at particular time periods.
Discontinuous
Children and adults live in distinct contexts (or unique combinations of personal and environmental circumstances that can result in different paths of change).
One course of development or many?
Is the developing person’s ability to think in more complex ways largely the result of the inborn timetable of growth?
Nature or nurture?
Where elements meet is where development occurs
Development is cntextualized.
Possess characteristics and qualities that differentiate among them
Contexts
We cannot predict precisely the details of its path, form, dynamics, or outcome.
Individual development
Influenced by what goes before
Path of development
Is most likely across the developmental stages for the individual
Continuity
Is rarely the result of some neat linear relationship between intention A and outcome C
Change
Gained more in the twentieth century than in the preceding five thousand years:
Improvements in nutrition, sanitation, and medical knowledge, the average life expectancy
The number of years an individual born in a particular year can expect to live
Average life expectancy
In 1990, the average life expectancy was
Under age 50
Today, the life expectancy in the US is
77.7 years
Today, the life expectancy in Canada is
80.1 years
The predicted life expectancy in North America in 2050
84 years
A perpetually ongoing process extending from conception to death that is molded by a complex network of biological, psychological, and social influences
Development as a dynamic system
No page period is supreme in its impact on the life course; events occurring during each major period can have equally powerful effects on future change.
Development is lifelong
The challenges and adjustments of development are multidimensional-affected by an intricate blend of biological, psychological, social forces.
Development is multidimensional and multidirectional
At every period, development is a joint expression of growth and decline.
Multidirectional
Aging is not an eventual “shipwreck,” as has often been assumed.
Development is plastic
Varies across individuals; some children and adults experience more diverse life circumstances.
Plasticity
Development is influenced by multiple interacting forces: biological, historical, social, and cultural.
Development is influenced by multiple interacting forces
Events that are strongly related to age and therefore fairly predictable in when they occur and how long they last.
Age-Graded Influences
Development is also profoundly affected by forces unique to a historical era.
History-Graded Influences
People born around the same time to be alike in ways that set them apart from people born at other times.
Cohort
Events that are irregular; happen to just one person or a few people and do not follow a predictable timetable.
Non-normative Influences
Enhanced by Non-normative influences
Multi-directionality of development
Helps us understand development during adolescence
Scientifically-grounded information
Three core questions that guide our focus on the development of the self in adolescence
Who am I?, Where do I belong?, Where am I going?
Kind of changes adolescence bring in your lives
Major
Research on adolescence emphasize that changes can be
normative and unique
Age-related for a particular generation
Normative
Concept of individual variation
Unique
Explains individual differences
Result of how individual characteristics interact with specific contexts in your life such as family, peers, school, community, and media
Human beings are capable of significant improvement given scientifically-proven methods for changing both the individual and his/her environment.
Plasticity in Adolescent Development
Important in influencing future life
Self-development
Competencies enhanced by broadening one’s strengths and improving his/her weaknesses
Cognitive, social, and emotional
What you are affects context and the various contexts of your life who you are
Bidirectional model
A model about biological and contextual factors
Integrative relational model
A bidirectional model; what you are affects context and the various contexts of your life affect who you are.
Development Contextualism Model (of Person-Context Interaction [1984, 1986])
The Developmental Contextualism emphasizes four components:
Relative plasticity, relationism, historical embeddedness, individual variation
The potential for change
Relative plasticity
The levels of relationship
Relationism
The context of historical time in which changes takes place
Historical embeddedness
The different ways a person learns to cope with themselves and his/her environment
Individual variation