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health and human development > understanding health and wellbeing - Unit 3 AOS 1 > Flashcards

understanding health and wellbeing - Unit 3 AOS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

health

A

a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmaty.

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2
Q

wellbeing

A

includes the health of all dimensions of health, characterised by an equilibrium in which an individual feels happy, healthy and capable.

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3
Q

health and wellbeing

A
  • relates to an individual’s physical, mental,
    emotional, social, and spiritual states, where an individual can experience balance and an overall level of satisfaction, enabling them to effectively function
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4
Q

optimal health and wellbeing

A
  • involves an individual experiencing their highest possible level of heath and wellbeing, with limited negative characteristics of the dimensions of health and wellbeing, taking into account their own circumstances.
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5
Q

disease

A

a diagnosible physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction, or tissue damage

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6
Q

illness

A
  • a self perceived negative state of health and wellbeing
  • it is a more subjective concept relating to personal experience with a disease
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7
Q

physical health and wellbeing

A

refers to the functioning of the body and its systems , including the capacity to perform daily activities and tasks
- healthy body weight
- free from illness
- adequate energy
- strong immune system
- regular excersise
- appropriate levels of physical fitness

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8
Q

mental health and wellbeing

A

cognative functioning including their state of mind their ability to think and process information
- low low levels of stress and anxiety
- high confidence and self esteem
- positive thought patterns
- able to process information to solve problems

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9
Q

social health and wellbeing

A

refers to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others, and the ability to manage and adapt to different social situations
- supportive friends
- well functioning family
- effective communication
- showing empathy

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10
Q

emotional health and wellbeing

A

refers to the ability to recognise, understand, manage and express emotions in a positive way, while displaying resilience
- effectively responding to emotions
- recognise emotions
- managing emotions

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11
Q

spiritual health and wellbeing

A

refers to values, ideas, beliefs and ethics, as well as having meaning, purpose and fulfilment in life
- sense of belonging
- peace and harmony
- purpose in life
- act according to values

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12
Q

the dynamic nature of health and wellbeing and illness

A

health, wellbeing and illness are not static, they are constantly changing and progressing depending on our own experiences and interactions with the environment.

H+W
can change positively or negatively
changes can be slow
- e.g. constantly consuming unhealthy food
changes can be fast
- e.g. loosing a loved one

illness

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13
Q

the subjective nature of health and wellbeing and illness

A

health, wellbeing and illness are primarily dependant on a persons own interpretation and current situation

it can mean different things for different people and can depend on factors such as age, sex income and past experiences

H+W
- e.g. some people with illness may experience high levels of heath and wellbeing if their illness is managed.

lllness
. For example, two people may have the flu, but one person may have a supportive family to take care of them when they are sick, and the other may not have that, which can cause them to be more sick and perceive their experience as worse.

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14
Q

the interrelationship between the 5 dimensions

A

the five dimensions are interrelated and a change to one, will likely result in a change to all

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15
Q

individual benefits of health and wellbeing as a resource

A

optimal health and wellbeing can have many benefits as a resource on individuals
- optimal physical health and wellbeing means an individual can be free from injury and disease and have adequate anergy levels to participate in activities such as recreation and sport.
- optimal physical health and welbeing means individuals are free from pain resulting from disease and illness, allowing htm to function properly, go to work or school, and participate in health promoting activities.
- fewer experiences of illness and injury mean an individual will eperience fewer healthcare costs. This allows for money to be spent elsewhere.
- as a result form decreasing the risk of premature death, illness and injury, individuals can be free from the pain caused by these, allowing them to participate in activities they enjoy.

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16
Q

national benefits of health and wellbeing as a resource

A

optimal health and wellbeing can have several benefits on the population of a country
- if a nation is experiencing optimal physical H+W, there will be reduced reliance on healthcare system so money can be put towards other resources
- if a nation is free from illness and injury and reduced levels of stress, there will ne less absenteeism from work, increasing work productivity
- optimal health and wellbeing means higher average income means there is more tax revenue so governments can put money towards improving things such as infrastructure
- longer life expectancy
- reduces stress in the community

17
Q

global benefits of health and wellbeing as a resource

A

optimal health and wellbeing can have several benefits on a global scale
- optimal health and wellbeing is essential for trade between countries. Countries can produce more goods and services that can be traded on the global market. This generates revenue for governments, allowing for improved resources for the globe.
- optimal physical h+w will mean reduces spread of communicable diseases that can spread due to the interconnected nature of the globe. This reduces the chance of a pandemic which has major global implications such as reduced economic loss, less travel and food insecurity.
- optimal health and wellbeing acts a global resource by maintaining peace and security. when countries combined have reduced stress and anxiety (mental health and wellbeing) and access to resources, there is less likely to be conflict between countries.

18
Q

prerequisites for health

A

peace
food
shelter
education
income
stable ecosystem
social justice
sustainable resources
equity

19
Q

prerequisites for health - peace

A
  • individual benefits like reduced stress and anxiety, reduced injury, less discrimination, people can go to work
  • national befits such as countries being able to spend money on resources rather than on war efforts or rebuilding destroyed infrastructure
  • global benefits such as being free from war and sustained patnerships allowing for trade.
20
Q

prerequisites for health - food

A
  • individual benefits such as improved body functioning and immune function, less stress and anxiety
  • national benefits like people can go to work and
  • global benefits like trade
21
Q

prerequisites for health - shelter

A
  • protects individuals from extreme weather, therefore decreasing injury and illness (increased p h+w)
  • shelter allows individuals to focus on employment and education, allowing them to pursue a meaningful life
  • shelter provides a place for people to get enough sleep, allowing them to complete their daily activities.
  • shelter can provide privacy and safety, thus reducing stress and anxiety (increased mental health and wellbeing)
  • shelter promotes a sense of belonging (increases spiritual h+w
22
Q

prerequisites for health - education

A
  • allows individuals to gain employment to earn an income, therefore increasing their access to food, healthcare and shelter, thus reducing injury and illness (increased p h+w)
  • meaningful employment promotes self esteem (increased m h+w)
  • meaningful employment promotes a sense of belonging and purpose in life (increased spiritual h+W)
  • increased health literacy makes individuals more likely to have a balanced diet, exercise regularly and practice hygiene (increased p h+w)
23
Q

prerequisites for health - income

A
  • having a decent income allows individuals to access basic resouces such as healthcare, food and water, decreasing the chance of disease and injury (increased p h+w)
  • and income can allow individuals to enjoy leisure activities, reducing stress and anxiety (increased m h+w) and providing meaning and purpose in life (spirtual H+W)
  • income allows individuals to go out with friends (increased socoal h+w)
  • increased tax revinue
24
Q

prerequisites for health - stable ecosystem

A
  • a stable ecosystem is required for optimal production of nutritious foods to supply humans with energy (increased p h+w)
  • clean air
  • it allows for access to safe water
  • plants and animals provide opportunity for income
  • clean water and air reduces illness and disease (increased p h+w)
  • A stable environemnt means individuals can enjoy the natural envronment, reducing stress and anxiety.
25
Q

prerequisites for health - sustainable resources

A
  • sustainability means meeting the presents needs, which out compromising the needs of the future
  • sustainable practices in obtaining food such as sustainable fishing will allow for ongoing supply of food now and into the future.
  • using more sustainable resources over fossil fiuels will help to reduce pollutants in the air, thus increasing air quality. it also reduces the impact of climate change for the future and associated natural disasters such as floods.
  • sustainable use of land and water increases the ability of future generations to access clean water, preventing diseases.
26
Q

prerequisites for health - social justice

A
  • all individuals should have equal rights and opportunities regardless of their personal traits ensures everyone has the opportunity to promote their health and wellbeing
  • being treated fairly regardless of personal traits decreases stress and anxiety
  • social justice prevents conflict, thus reducing injuries and promoting physical health and wellbeing
  • ensures women have an opportunity to be educated
27
Q

prerequisites for health - equity

A
  • improves disadvantaged groups quality of life and standard of living
  • everyone has access to healthcare
  • allows disadvantaged groups to feel values and promotes a sense of belonging)
28
Q

health status indicators

A
  • aspects of health and wellbeing that can be measured, providing the ability to make judgements about health status
  • health status is an individual or populations overall level of h+w, taking into account a range of measurable factors such as morbidity rates and burden of disease.
29
Q

Self assessed health status

A
  • an individuals own opinion about their health and wellbing at a given period of time
  • it is often collected from population surveys
  • subjective
30
Q

Life expectancy

A
  • the years of life an individual can expect to life at a particular age if death rates do not change.
  • increases as a person bets older
  • does not provide information about health issues
  • useful for comparing countries
  • life expectancy at birth takes into account infant and under 5 mortality rates which are the highest.
31
Q

Health adjusted life expectancy

A
  • the time an individual can expect to live in full health without the consequences of disease or injury
  • time lives without reduces functioning
32
Q

Mortality

A
  • the number of deaths in a population in a given period of time
  • mortality rates are refer to the number of deaths usually per 1000 or 100000
  • from a specific cause or all causes combined
  • data can produce trends allowing tragedies to be put in place to reduce mortality rates
  • important for identifying lead causes in deaths
33
Q

Infant mortality rates

A
  • measure of the deaths of infants before their first birthday per 100000
  • sudden infant death syndrome
34
Q

Under 5 mortality rates

A

The number of deaths of children under the age of 5
- low birthweight resulting in underdeveloped immune systems

35
Q

Maternal mortality rates

A
  • The number of mother who die as a result of pregnancy o childbirth
  • cardeovascular disease
  • hemerage (excessive bleeding)
36
Q

Morbidity

A
  • Ill health in an indi ideal or levels of Ill health in a population at a given period of time
  • it could be from injuries, diseases, disabilities or any other non-fatel conditions
  • incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease or condition
  • prevalence refers to the total number of cases of a particular disease or condition
37
Q

Burden of disease

A
  • I measure of the impact of disease or injury
  • it measures the gap between current health status and the ideal health status where individuals live free of disease and disability
  • measured in disability adjusted life year - one DALY is equal to one year of life lost due to premature death or illness, disease or injury.
38
Q

Disability adjusted life year

A
  • DALY is a measurement of the burden of disease and is calculated by adding YLL t YLD
    one Daly is equal to one year of healthy life lost to disease or disability or death resulting from disease or disability
  • Daly is equal to the sum of the years of life lost due to premature death and the years of life list due to disability.

health and human development (19 decks)

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