effective aid - unit 4 AOS 2

Question 1

three types of aid

Answer 1

• humanitarian
• bilateral
• multilateral

Question 2

humanitarian aid

Answer 2

• Emergency aid or humanitarian aid is the rapid assistance given to people or countries in immediate distress to relieve suffering during and after emergencies such as conflict and natural disasters
• It is designed to be short-term and is usually needed to keep people alive.
• e.g. food, water, shelter, health workers

Question 3

purpose and characteristics of humanitarian aid

Answer 3

• The purpose of this type of aid is to respond quickly and effectively to address the immediate needs of the affected communities and, in this way, helps improve short-term health and wellbeing.
• short term, provided after crisis

Question 4

bilateral aid

Answer 4

• Bilateral aid is where one government provides to the government of another country.
• Bilateral aid can include infrastructure projects, community based projects and immunisation programs.

Question 5

purpose and characteristics of bilateral aid

Answer 5

• The purpose of bilateral aid is to help reduce poverty and bring about long-term sustainable development by helping governments of recipient countries strengthen their economic, political, health and education systems and eventually become self-sufficient.
• long term and promotes sustainability

Question 6

multilateral aid

Answer 6

• Multilateral aid is provided through an international organisation, such as the United Nations, which is supported by the governments of multiple countries and other organisations to address global issues and large scale projects
• Multilateral aid can include Addressing global issues such as global warming, control of diseases, and major infrastructure projects such as roads and sanitation systems

Question 7

purpose and characteristics of multilateral aid

Answer 7

• The purpose of multilateral aid is therefore to address global issues and large scale projects, such as global warming, war, and food security, and to prevent disease and death.
• addresses global issues
• involves collaboration

Question 8

features of effective aid programs

Answer 8

• focusses on results
• partnerships and collaborations
• ownership by country
• transparency and accountability

Question 9

feature: focusses on results

Answer 9

• A program should be focused on addressing patterns of disease and illness within a country or individual community.
• continuous evaluations
• does it promote health and wellbeing and human development

Question 10

feature: partnerships and collaborations

Answer 10

• To be effective, aid programs need to have strong partnerships built between all stakeholders.
• By forming partnerships, the differing strengths of government, non-government organisations (NGOs) and local communities can be used to implement effective programs that make efficient use of the resources available and avoid duplicating other programs with the same objective.

Question 11

feature: ownership by country

Answer 11

• recipient county must be involved in the aid and understand it so they can eventually be self sufficient
• It is important to involve the government of the recipient country in these decisions as they will likely have the greatest awareness of the needs of their citizens,
• programs should be culturally appropriate

Question 12

feature: transparency and accountability

Answer 12

• Transparency means that all necessary information is made available to those involved in developing and implementing a program.
• funding provided for correct things

Question 13

example of an aid program which addresses an SDG

Answer 13

• Sexual and reproductive health and wellbeing program in Cambodia

Question 14

what is the program

Answer 14

• The purpose of the sexual and reproductive health and wellbeing program implemented in Cambodia was to improve access to sexual and reproductive health and wellbeing services and information in the most marginalised and isolated communities in the country.

Question 15

implementation and partnerships

Answer 15

• The program was implemented by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in partnership with United Nations children find.
• The program is also partnered with the health, education and women’s affairs sectors of the Cambodian government.
• District leaders receive training to lead outreach sessions that address sensitive topics related to sexual and reproductive health and well-being.
• These leaders, along with teams of village members, visit each family to encourage participation in the information sessions.

Question 16

how the program promotes health and wellbeing and human development

Answer 16

The program increases access to antenatal care for pregnant mothers
- this reduces complications during pregnancy such as infections or hypertension, thus improving physical H+W for the mother and the baby
- this also helps reduce stress and anxiety in a mother, thus improving mental H+W
- this also increases knowledge about about how to have a healthy pregnancy, so a mother and child can live a long and healthy life.
- reduces maternal deaths and child deaths (SDG 3)

the program seeks to provide mothers with the skills and knowledge to have a healthy pregnancy.
- this can prevent maternal mortality and infant mortality. (SDG 3)
- This helps mothers and their children develop to their full potential and enjoy a long and healthy life

the program seeks to increase access to contraceptives and family planning services
- this means women and families can plan the number and spacing of children. This empowers women and gives them control over decisions that affect their lives.
- this also helps to reduce Pregnancy during adolescence. This helps to reduce the risk of maternal and child death because the girls’ bodies are still developing, meaning their bodies are less able to cope with the demands of pregnancy and childbirth.
- protects from sexually transmitted infections (SDG 3)