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OT 101 > Understanding Disability and Society > Flashcards

Understanding Disability and Society Flashcards

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1
Q

It results from “the interaction between persons with impairments and attitudinal and environmental barriers that hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others

— according to the CRPD

A

Disability

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2
Q

These two bodies identified the role of social and physical barriers in disability

A
  • Disabled People’s Movement
  • Researchers in Social & Health Sciences
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3
Q

The transition from an individual, medical perspective to a structural, social perspective

A

Shift of Medical Model to Social Model

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4
Q

In the Social Model, people are viewed as being disabled by _____

A

Society

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5
Q

Disability is not purely _____ or _____. Different experiences and problems can arise from health conditions

A

Medical or Social

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6
Q

What does ICF mean?

A

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health

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7
Q

How does ICF understand and measure functioning and disability?

A

A dynamic interaction between health conditions and contextual factors

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8
Q

Who are involved in developing the ICF process?

A
  • Academics
  • Clinicians
  • PWDs
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9
Q

The ICF emphasizes that _____ factors can create disability

A

Environmental

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10
Q

Disability can refer to difficulties encountered in any or all three areas of functioning.

Categories of Human Functioning Problems:

A
  • Impairments
  • Limitations
  • Participation Restrictions
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11
Q

Problems in body function or alterations in body structure

E.g. Paralysis, Blindness

A

Impairments

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12
Q

Difficulties in executing activities. Problems to be solved in areas of Occupation

E.g. Difficulty in walking, Difficulty in eating

A

Limitations

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13
Q

Problems with involvement in areas of life

E.g. Facing discrimination in employment, Transportation problems

A

Participation Restriction

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14
Q

What does the ICF adopt and not distinguish?

A
  • ICF adopts neutral language
  • Does not distinguish between the type and causes of disability
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15
Q

Impairments vs Health Conditions

A

Impairments
- Specific decrements in body function and structures
- Often identified as symptoms of health conditions

Health Condition
- Body’s overall state, especially in regards with presence of diseases or injuries and disorders

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16
Q

Protects and ensures the full and equal employment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by people with disabilities

Promotes and respects disabled people’s inherent dignity

It acknowledges that disability is an evolving concept

A

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)

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17
Q

How can Social Participation be improved?

A

By addressing the barriers which hinder disabled persons in everyday life

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18
Q

CRPD General Principles:

A
  1. Respect for inherent dignity, individual autonomy, and independence of persons
  2. Nondiscrimination
  3. Full and effective participation and inclusion in society
  4. Respect for difference and acceptance of persons with disabilities as part of human diversity and humanity
  5. Equality of opportunity
  6. Accessibility
  7. Equality between men and women
  8. Respect for the evolving capacities of children with disabilities and respect for the rights of children with disabilities to preserve their identities
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19
Q

Why is Disability a Human Rights Issue?

A
  • People with disabilities experience inequalities,
  • Experience violations of dignity; or,
  • Experience denial of autonomy
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20
Q

How do Inaccessible Environments create Disability?

A

By creating barriers to participation and inclusion

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21
Q

Negative attitudes, or discrimination towards disability can result in _____ of people with disabilities

Instead, it is important to remember that: “Persons with disabilities are diverse and heterogeneous, not stereotypes”

A

Negative Treatment

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22
Q

_____ experience the combined disadvantages associated with gender as well as disability

A

Women with Disabilities

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23
Q

People with _____ appear more disadvantaged than those people with physical or sensory conditions

A

Mental health conditions or intellectual impairments

24
Q

People with _____ often experience greater disadvantage

A

more severe impairments

25
Q

_____ can help overcome activity limitations and participation restrictions

A

Wealth and Status

26
Q

Global Issue on Health

A
  • Lack of affordable access to proper healthcare aids and appliances
  • Poor healthcare facilities
  • Poorly trained healthcare workers in rehabilitation centers
27
Q

Global Issue on Education

A
  • Education systems are exclusive, not inclusive, to disabled children
  • Unavailability and inaccessibility of special schools
  • Untrained teachers
  • Unavailability of educational materials for the disabled
28
Q

Global Issue on Accessibility

A

Physical accessibility in buildings, transportation, access to services, and others still remain a major challenge

29
Q

Global Issue on Discrimination and Social Exclusion

A
  • Negative attitudes hinder disabled persons from taking an active part in family, community, or workforce
  • People suffering from mental illness or retardation face the worst stigma and are subject to severe social exclusion
30
Q

Global Issue on Employment

A
  • Disabled adults have far lower employment rates than the general population
  • Much less disabled people are employed in private sectors
31
Q

Global Issue on Policy Implementation

A
  • Enforcement of policies face challenges
32
Q

Decisions that take form in laws, regulations, funding decisions and other actions that serve to communicate to citizens of constituents

Anything a government chooses to do or not to do

A

Public or Social Policies

33
Q

Passed after American people with disabilities organized to gain access to public and private facilities and services

Initially, businesses opposed this as they feared providing accommodations would be costly

A

Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)

34
Q

Guarantee equal social opportunities and protection under the law, regardless of race, religion or other characteristics.

American with Disabilities Act, Fair Housing Act

A

Civil Right Status

35
Q

Provide financial assistance and welfare benefits to individuals who meet requirements set by law.

Medic-Aid, Medicare, Vocational Rehabilitation

A

Entitlement Programs

36
Q

A grant in which a federal agency selects the awardee (i.e., grant recipient) based on merit and eligibility.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Centers for Independent Living

A

Discretionary Grant Programs

37
Q

The ground rules created by governments and make up the bulk of the laws that govern a society.

Voter Registration Act, Family Leave Act

A

Regulatory Statutes

38
Q

Disabled Access Tax Credit, Targeted Jobs Credit

A

Miscellaneous Provisions

39
Q

Core Principles for the Framework for Disability Policy in the US:

A
  • Equality of Opportunity
  • Economic Self-Sufficiency
  • Independent Living
  • Full Participation
40
Q

A public program for people who meet the medical definition of disability and who have:

  • Worked at least 10 years,
  • Paid taxes for at least 5 of the past 10 years of employment

To be considered disabled, a person must prove they are unable to engage in substantial activity for a period that has lasted, or is expected to last, 12 months

A benefit based on the wages earned over time is calculated and approximately 85% of the highest wages earned during the past years 10 years is supplied

A

Social Security Disability Insurance

41
Q

Available to people who meet the lawful definition of disability and are also unable to engage in substantial gainful activity and reindigement

These people have less than $2000 in assets and do not have a history of earning substantial wages.

A

Supplemental Security Income

42
Q

State-administered program for people who meet certain eligibility categories and have limited incomes

Categories include children, pregnant women, and individuals with disabilities, and are over the age of 65 years old

A

Medicaid

43
Q

A broad program of health insurance designed to assist the nation’s elderly (65 or older) to meet hospital, medical, and other health costs

A

Medicare

44
Q

An act to enhance the mobility of disabled Filipinos by requiring certain buildings, institutions, establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices

A

Batas Pambansa 344 (Accessibility Law)

45
Q

An act providing for the rehabilitation, self development and self reliance of Filipino disabled persons, and their integration into the mainstream of society, and for other purposes

This includes discounts, equal rights, employment, incentives, education, and political rights

A

Batas Pambansa 7277 (Magna Carta for Disabled Persons and for Other Purposes)

46
Q

They put forward a strategic plan founded on contemporary ideas of health and social justice

They argued that equality and social justice are central to OT’s conceptual framework

A

British College of Occupational Therapy

47
Q

All things and activities that people want, need, or have to do

Enables populations and communications to participate actively in shaping their destinies

A

Occupations

48
Q

“Truth of action” - Benjamin Disray

Used in arguing for equal distributions of resources and positive discrimination in terms of marginalized persons

A

Justice

49
Q

This concept of justice centers on just social relations and conditions, regardless of social and personal differences

Recognizes citizens’ equal worth and equal rights to have basic needs, opportunities, requirements

When possible, to eliminate unjustified inequalities

A

Social Justice

50
Q

Applied to the right of every individual to be able to meet basic needs and to have equal opportunities and chances to reach their potential

A justice of difference because people have different needs, natures, and capacities, that are expressed through what they do

Requires ethical distribution and sharing of resources, rights, responsibilities with regards to what individuals want or need within social and ethical standards

A

Occupational Justice

51
Q

Occupational Justice provides a framework for:

A

Asking questions about:

  • Inequalities of opportunity for occupational development or
  • The lack of appropriate enablement for those living with disability
52
Q

Restriction and denial of occupational rights and actions due to socio-political and economic factors

A

Occupational Deprivation

53
Q

How to deliver occupationally just programs?

A
  1. Engaging people in dialogue about their perceived occupational needs.
  2. Assessing according to those needs
  3. Implementing programs that ensure needs are met
54
Q

Advocating for Occupational Justice involves:

A
  • Using powerful arguments in the media to increase awareness
  • Being available for public dialogue about enabling inclusive social structures and occupational policies
  • Knowing when and how to talk about occupational justice issues
  • Being ready to advance public understanding by using different resources
55
Q

It requires choices about the role of government in the lives of people, and responsibility given by citizens.

A

Policy-making

56
Q

What does today’s practice of OT need to prove?

A

Today’s practice of occupational therapy may actually rest on the profession’s success and putting occupational injustice explicitly on the public agenda and showing what an occupation focused, justice driven profession can accomplish.

57
Q

Occupational Injustice and Social Problems

A
  • Economic rationalism and bureaucratic legislation have led to people being unable to obtain regular paid employment that meet their interests and skills or to be self-employed
  • Lack of financial and social incentives for part-time work lead to preferences for accepting social security instead of paid employment

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