Module 3: Occupational Therapy Process Flashcards
It is the general process used in the delivery of occupational therapy services. It parallels the process used by other health-related professionals.
Occupational Therapy Process
How can we describe the OT Process?
- It is neither condition-based nor age-specific. It can be applied in any practice setting.
What are the end goals of OT Process customization?
Supporting the client’s health and participation through engagement in occupations
What is the center of OT practitioner services?
Occupation-centered
The clear diagram that illustrates the starting points and final destinations of OT Process?
Occupational Therapy Process Map
What is OTs’ competency in “map reading” reliant on?
On Professional Reasoning, used to calculate or recalculate the best routes for sound therapy decisions
Why is it important for clients to “know where they are going”?
Clients will be able to actively and collaboratively participate in the process of engaging in occupations to support themselves better.
What are the steps in Operationalizing the OT Process?
- Evaluation
- Intervention
- Re-evaluation
- Continuation of OT or Discontinuation of OT
It is the systematic collection and analysis of data. Results and conclusions are used to plan and implement interventions.
Evaluation
It is the implementation of actions.
Intervention
Types of Reevaluations
- Formal Reevaluation
- Informal Reevaluation
It compares the client’s data during evaluation with the client’s data after receiving intervention. Continuing or discontinuing interventions is decided on.
Formal Reevaluation
Making decisions to continue or discontinue select interventions
Informal Reevaluation
These are inherent in every phase of the process. The specifically identified results of planned therapy intervention.
Outcomes
They provide the background that supports the OT Process map. They facilitate evidence-based practice.
Evidence
Factors included in Evidence
- Theory
- Research
- Therapist’s experience
- Client’s preferences
Frame of reference, conceptual model
Theory
What is Theory used for?
Used to examine and explain the occuupational performance strengths and needs of each client
Important in the selection of assessment tools and interventions
Why do the clients’ preferences need to be integrated into the OT process?
Preferences can significantly influence the outcomes. A disconnect between preferences with other factors redu
What happens when there is a disconnect between evidence, client’s preferences, and process components?
The support that the client needs to gain maximum therapeutic benefit from therapy will be reduced.
It is the beginning of the OT process.
Evaluation
What data do OTs collect and analyze during the Evaluation stage?
Information about the client’s occupational performance
Main components under the Evaluation stage?
- Occupational profile
- Analysis of occupational performance
- Targeted outcomes
Primary Question of Evaluation stage
Who is my client and does my client need OT services?
It is a profile that provides a description and summary of information related to a client’s history, resources, and performance. It is the collection and organization of subjective data about a client.
Occupational Profile
It is to gather the client’s perceptions about their occupations, related performance strengths and concerns. Perceptions may also be from client’s family, peers, other important people.
Occupational history
Information that describes the physical and social environments where client performs their preferred occupations.
Occupational contexts
OTs need to know why clients are seeking services, what their concerns are, what occupations they need or want to perform. It is to know the outcomes client wants to attain.
Occupational goals
It addresses the collection, organization, measurement, and synthesis of primarily objective data regarding the client’s occupational performance.
Occupational Performance Analysis
Main components under Occupational Performance Analysis stage?
- Organization of objective data
- Synthesis of objective data
How is objective data collected?
The client will first perform selected activities important to their occupation. Ideally, client will perform occupations in their usual manner, with their usual equipment, and in their usual settings. Ideal performance situation reflects client’s real life situation.
Therapists also need to rely on valid and reliable assessment tools.
What are needed to develop relevant targeted outcomes?
Well-defined problem statements and hypotheses
Short-term goals and long-term goals
How is Goal Establishment done?
In collaboration with the client
How should goals be written?
They are written as objective, measurable statements with an identifiable time frame and predetermined objective methods to measure progress.
What do STGs address?
Performance skills or body functions (strength, movement, actions, behaviors, etc.)
What do LTGs address?
Performance of the client’s meaningful and important daily occupations
It follows the Evaluation stage. Data collected during the prior stage serve as navigational information for determining the best therapeutic role for the planning and implementation of this stage’s services.
Intervention
Main components of Intervention stage
- Intervention plan
- Intervention implementation
Intervention stage Primary Question
What occupational therapy interventions can best help my client?
It determines the selection of specific occupational therapy activities used to address the client’s targeted outcomes.
Intervention Plan
Who collaborates with the therapist to determine the Intervention Plan?
The client
What is considered in order to develop an intervention plan?
Client’s current occupational performance
Categorizations of OT Interventions
- Occupation-based intervention
- Purposeful activity
- Preparatory method
This intervention focuses on the client engaging in client-directed occupations that match the client’s targeted outcomes.
Occupation-based Interventions
This intervention involves specifically selected activities that allow clients to develop skills that enhance occupational performance. These interventions engage clients in practicing activities related to occupations versus performing their desired daily occupations.
Purposeful activities
These are techniques used to prepare the client for or used concurrently with purposeful activities and occupation-based interventions.
Preparatory methods
The process of carrying out the interventions and monitoring the client’s response.
Intervention Implementation
What happens during Intervention Implementation?
The OT practitioner observes and examines the client’s performance while the client engages in the intervention.
The practitioner then adjusts aspects of the intervention as needed to better accommodate or challenge the client’s occupational performance in order to achieve targeted outcomes.
The targeted outcomes established during evaluation are assessed using the same measures employed during the initial evaluation.
Reevaluation
Components of Reevaluation
- Re- analysis of occupational performance
- Review of targeted outcomes
- Identify action
Primary question of Reevaluation stage
How has occupational therapy affected my client’s occupational performance?
Steps in Reanalysis of Occupational Performance
- Measure and re-collect
- Compare the data obtained during the original evaluation with the current data obtained during reevaluation.
Why should we use the same measures during reevaluation that were used during the evaluation phase?
If we do not use the same measures, then we are not measuring comparable aspects of occupational performance.
These are used to determine whether occupational therapy interventions achieved the intended targeted outcomes through goal attainment
Changes in occupational performance
How is degree of goal attainment determined?
By comparing the client’s performance measured at evaluation with performance measured at reevaluation
It is the achievement of intended targeted outcomes
Goal Attainment
What is done to identify next appropriate actions?
Targeted outcomes and goals are reviewed and reevaluated
After reevaluation, the therapist considers whether to continue therapy, refer the client to another service, or discontinue services
Action Identification
This is justified when client is making progress toward the overall goals or if there is reason to believe alternate approaches might work to improve progress. New or altered targeted outcomes and goals may emerge as a result of the therapy process
Continuation of Services
This is done when client has reached targeted outcomes or there is evidence to suggest that further intervention will not substantially improve occupational performance.
Discontinuation of Services
Provided to client when therapy services are terminated
Aftercare or follow-up recommendations
Why is it important to determine the “right time” for reevaluations?
If reevaluation occurs too early, a course of intervention may be prematurely considered unsuccessful because the client hasn’t had enough time to show change in performance.
If reevaluation occurs too late, client may have already achieved a targeted outcome and progression in occupational performance is not continuing because outcomes, goals, and intervention plan have not been appropriately modified to accommodate positive change.
What are essential in determining the attainment of targeted outcomes?
Measurable goals with identifiable time frames and predetermined objective methods to measure progress
The all-encompassing goal of OT services
“Supporting health and participation in life through engagement in occupation”
When are targeted outcomes revisited to address progress?
Reevaluation
Primary question during Outcome: Continue or Discontinue stage
Does my client continue to need occupational therapy services?
