Module 1: Occupational Therapy History Flashcards
Began during the 17th to 19th century. Rampant social inequities across social structures led to a broadening social consciousness and awareness
Period of Awakening
Began in England and France, it is an approach to mental disorder based on human psychosocial care and moral disciplines
Moral Treatment
A French psychiatrist who treated in asylums in Paris, 1786. He used occupation to divert patients minds away from their illness and improve their skills.
Philippe Pinel
Founded the York Retreat in England, 1976.
His main ideas included:
- idea of non constraint
- mentall illness is curable
- patients can learn self-control
- attendants can engage patients in occupations
William Tuke
He popularized Moral Treatment.
Samuel Tuke
Father of American Psychiatry.
First American and physician to institute Moral Treatment in the US.
Benjamin Rush
Two men who adopted “occupation & non-constraint” treatment theory at an asylum
Thomas Scattergood & Thomas Eddy
Began in England during the early 1900s. Developed OT further through Diversional Therapy, Manual Training, Vocational Education, and Occupational Training.
The Arts and Crafts Movement
Coined the term “Work cure” in 1906
Dr. Herbert James Hall
Made the first conceptual model of OT. Introduced systematic types of activity to the ward in Massachusetts, 1892.
Adolf Meyer
A proponent for the OT for the nervous and mentall ill in 1925.
Louis Haas
A nurse who became the first OT. She also wrote the first known OT book.
Susan Tracy
The first known OT book
“Studies of Invalid Occupation”
A social worker who cofounded the Hull House
Jane Addams
Wrote the “Educational Handbook” in 1910
Thomas Kidner
Founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates in Chicago 1889.
Provided space for instituting educational & philantrophic enterprises, improving industrial conditions, and facilities for slum children.
Held classes for training attendants for the mentall ill attended by Eleanor Clark Slagle.
Hull House
Coined the term “Occupational Therapy”.
First president of National Society for the Promotion of OT.
George Edward Barton
Father of OT.
Wrote the book “Occupational Therapy: A Manual for Nursing”.
William Rush Duncan, Jr.
Mother of OT
Proponent of “Habit Training” in 1912.
Eleanor Clarke Slagle
Arts & crafts instructor that stayed in the Philippines.
Chaired the education to develop OT education in the Philippines in 1919.
Susan Cox Johnson
Organized by Eleanor Clarke Slagle, it was the first professional OT school in Chicago.
Henry B. Farvill School of Occupation, 1906
What happened to OT during World War I?
Reconstruction programs were established; Eleanor Slagle pushed for Reconstruction Aides to the army hospital
OT shifted to also emphasize physical dysfunction and not only mental dysfunction
Official organization of OTs in America.
Founded in March 15, 1917, Clifton Springs, New York
Then: NSPOT (National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy)
Now: AOTA (American Occupational Therapy Association)
First president of the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapy
A neurologist who used curative workshop
Dr. Goldwin Howland
What happened to OT during World War II?
“Essential of an Acceptable School of OT” by AOTA with American Medical Association for inspection of OT schools, 5 out of 13 schools were approved.
First formal subjective registration examination.
5 schools increased to 18 schools
OTs can finally achieve military status in the US.
Global organization that represents OT and OTs all over the world. Established in England, June 1951
Holds council meetings every 2 years. Holds Joint International Congress and Council Meetings every 4 years.
WFOT (World Federation of OT)
Which countries are the founding members of WFOT?
CUDANGSISI
- Canada
- USA
- Denmark
- Australia
- New Zealand
- Great Britain
- South Africa
- Israel
- Sweden
- India
What happeed to OT during the 1970s to 1990s.
In the 1970s, OT practice shifted from mental health to more physical disabilities.
The philosophical base of OT was also developed.
In 1981, definition of OT for the purpose of licensure was adopted. Was also the international year for disabled persons.
What is the philosophical base of OT?
Human development is influenced by use of purposeful activities, inartistic motivation, physical environment.
Human life is a process of continued adaptation. Many factors may interrupt adaptation processes, and these interruptions are combated by purposeful activity.
Established by AOTA in 1979.
Uniform Terminology
A proponent of Uniform Terminology under “Restoration of Physical Dysfunction”
Clare Spackman
Established in 1986, formerly the American Occupational Therapy
Certification Board
National Certification Board of Occupational Therapists
A proponent of Uniform Terminology under “Psychiatric OT”
Gail Fidler
A proponent of Uniform Terminology under “Neurobehavioral Orientation”
Jean Ayres
A proponent of Uniform Terminology under “Occupational behavioral orientation”
Mary Reilly
A proponent of Uniform Terminology under “Prevention and community OT”
Wilma West
A proponent of Uniform Terminology under “FORS for Psychiatric OT”
Anne Mosey
