Module 5: What are Occupations? Flashcards
- Everyday activities that people do to occupy time and bring purpose to life
- Central to a client’s health, identity, and sense of competence and value
Need to, want to, and are expected to do
Occupations
An official document of the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) that identifies a broad range of occupations.
Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (OTPF-4)
These include:
- Bathing, showering
- Toileting and toilet hygiene
- Dressing
- Eating and swallowing
- Feeding
- Functional mobility
- Personal hygiene and grooming
- Sexual activity
Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
These include:
- Care of others
- Care of pets and animals
- Child rearing
- Communication management
- Driving and community mobility
- Financial management
- Home establishment and management
- Meal preparation and cleanup
- Religious and spiritual expression
- Safety emergency and maintenance
- Shopping
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)
These include:
- Social and emotional health promotion and maintenance
- Symptom and condition management
- Communication with the health care system
- Medication management
- Physical activity
- Nutrition management
- Personal care device management
Health Management
These include:
- Rest
- Sleep preparation
- Sleep participation
Rest and Sleep
These include:
- Formal education participation
- Informal education needs or interest exploration
- Information education participation
Education
These include:
- Employment interests and pursuits
- Employment seeking and acquisition
- Job performance and maintenance
- Retirement preparation and adjustment
- Volunteer exploration
- Volunteer participation
Work
These include:
- Play exploration
- Play participation
Play
These include:
- Leisure exploration
- Leisure participation
Leisure
These include:
- Community participation
- Family participation
- Friendships
- Intimate partner relationships
- Peer group participation
Social Participation
Factors that Influence Performance in Occupations:
- Performance Patterns
- Performance Skills
- Client Factors
Habits, routines, or roles that an individual might have in regards to their Occupation
Performance Patterns
How you perform the skills needed for the occupation
Specific skills person needs to do to pursue occupation
Performance Skills
Factors that encompass you as a person. Cognitively, physically, or emotionally influence how you perform a task
Values, Beliefs, Specific mental functions
Client Factors
When OT practitioners work with clients, they identify the types of occupations clients engage in. How a client categorizes their occupation are based on clients’s _____:
- Needs
- Interests
- Contexts
Occupations that contribute to a lifestyle that is out of balance
Occupational Dysfunction
She proposed that OT should value engagement in occupation for the sake of experience and feelings, rather than for its outcome or purpose.
Betty Hasselkus (2002)
She began the process of sketching a theory of occupation that would be dependent upon meaning rather than specifically upon purpose. Occupations are a synthesis of “doing, being, and becoming.”
Anna Allart Wilcock
Dimensions of Meaning in the Occupations of Daily Life:
- Doing
- Being
- Becoming
- Belonging
Dimension of Meaning that has been the traditional preoccupation of OT
Includes purposeful, goal-oriented activities
Doing
Dimension of Meaning that is time taken to reflect, be introspective, rediscover the self, to contemplate, and be with people
Describes the individual’s current self and how the individual sustains and supports their own roles
Being
Dimension of Meaning that incorporates affirmation that one’s life has value for others as well for oneself
It describes the necessary contribution of social interaction, mutual support, friendship, and inclusion, to occupational performance and life satisfaction
Belonging
Dimension of Meaning that holds the notions of potential and growth, of transformation, and self-actualization
Becoming
How are OTs part of their clients’ becoming?
OTs share in the potential and growth that is experienced by the people with whom we work with
A justice that recognizes occupational rights to inclusive participation in everyday occupations for all persons
Occupational Justice
It is affected by the inability to carry out occupations and activities and participate in life situations
Health
Causes of inabilities to carry out occupations:
- Contextual barriers
- Problems that exist in body structures and functions
A field of study that provides a way of thinking that enables an understanding of occupation, occupational nature, relationships of occupations, and other scientific and theoretical factors.
Draws on a range of research methodologies and approaches due to humans’ complexities and the multifaceted nature of the occupation
Occupational Science
Human Nature and Occupations
- Humans have a need to engage in occupations as well as the necessary capacities to do so.
- Humans engage in occupations over their lifespan
- Humans orchestrate their occupational engagement in their environment
Occupational Science vs. Occupational Therapy
Occupational Science
- Simply a field of study dealing with the nature, structure, and relationships of occupation and health
Occupational Therapy
- Application of scientific knowledge about occupation and health
Occupational Therapy’s Professional Knowledge
- Paradigm
- Related Knowledge
- Conceptual Practice Models
The knowledge that sits at the heart of the profession. Gives the perspective of the professions and distinguishes OT from other works.
Paradigm
Knowledge that is not unique to the field but it still useful in the profession
Related Knowledge
Provides a means for which knowledge is organized and can be used for practitioners
Theories
Conceptual Practice Models
