Understanding Depression Flashcards
what is depression
a mood state marked by:
- great sadness
- apprehension
- guilt
- withdrawal from others
- loss of interest or pleasure in usual acitivities
what might it look like to others?
- difficulty paying attention
- speak slowly
- want solitude
- agitation
other depressive disorders in DSM-5
- bereavement related depression
- premenstrual dysmorphic disorder
- substance/medication induced depressive disorder
possible triggers for depression
- psychosocial stress
- illness
- medications
- family history
- menopause
- seasonal changes
prevelance
- 3rd most common reason for seeing GP in UK
- 17% population have depressive disorder
- more common in women than men 21% vs 13%
co-morbidity
- 74% with one other DSM disorder
- 58% with an anxiety disorder
- 38.6% substance use disorder
is depression over diagnosed - yes
catch all diagnosis - depression is co-morbid with so many other things, medicalising illness - feeling sad or having difficulties is all part of life
is depression over diagnosed - no
- increased treatment has outweighed harm
- reduced suicide
self-harm and depression
defined as an expression of personal distress, usually made in private by an individual who hurts himself or herself
depression and suicide
- around 15% of depressed individuals kill themselves, more common in young people - 66% of all cases <35 years old
biogenetic factors
- genetic
- neurochemical
- neuropathology
psychosocial factors
- perception of control
- emotion processing
- emotion regulation
- reward seeking
sociocultural factors
- ethnicity
- SES
- gender
genetic
2-3 x higher rate of depression in those with relatives with a mood disorder
neurochemical imbalance in depression
depression is associated with low levels of serotonin and norepinephrine
