Umbilical swellings (Yr 3) Flashcards
what is a possible consequence of cranial umbilical swelling?
development of a liver abscess (leading to systemic inflammation… polyarthritis, endocarditis etc.)
what are the vessels of the umbilicus?
umbilical artery
umbilical vein
urachus
where does the umbilical arteries run to?
bladder
where does the umbilical vein run to?
liver
where does the urachus run to?
bladder
what does the umbilical artery become?
round ligament of bladder
what does the umbilical vein become?
round ligament of liver
do calves have two umbilical arteries or two umbilical veins?
arteries (that run to the bladder)
when palpating an umbilicus the swelling is reducible, what is the most likely cause?
simple hernia
when palpating an umbilicus the swelling is partially reducible, what is the most likely cause?
hernia and abscess
when palpating an umbilicus the swelling is irreducible, what is the most likely cause?
abscess
hernia with incarceration/stangulation/adhesions
how should you identify tracts within the swelling?
ultrasound
where will you follow the umbilical vein to on ultrasound?
liver
where will you follow the urachus to on ultrasound?
bladder
where will you follow the umbilical artery to on ultrasound?
bladder
when would abdominocentesis be indicated?
swollen abdomen and signs suggesting peritonitis (run TP and cytology)
what tests can be run on young calves with umbilical swelling?
plasma total protein or zinc sulphate to assess passive transfer
abdominocentesis (if signs of abdominal swelling or peritonitis)
differential white cell count
is there a link between umbilical infection and hernia?
yes - more likely to have hernia if infected
when is the best time to do umbilical surgery?
young (under 12 weeks) whilst hernia and animal is still small
what should be done with very large holes during umbilical hernia surgery?
put in polypropylene (prolene) mesh
what aftercare is needed after hernia surgery?
at least 1 month box rest (do not turn out within 3 months of surgery)
where should you block locally before umbilical surgery?
in a V shape cranial to the umbilicus
should you open the peritoneum during umbilical surgery?
no - keep it closed and finely dissect away from the body wall, unless tightly adhered
what type of suture is used for hernias?
mayo overlapping (vest-over-pants)
which side of the incision is the prolene mesh placed?
inside the incision at the side of the peritoneum
what is the most common causes of umbilical infections?
E. coli
Trueperella pyogenes
how can umbilical infections be treated?
antibiotics (amoxilcillin)
flush if open (saline)
what treatment is needed for a patent urachus?
usually needs surgery
(can try flushing and antibiotics)
what are some possible complications of umbilical surgery?
seroma
reherniation
infection (use absorbable suture)
