Post-partum disease Flashcards
what is metritis?
abnormally enlarged uterus and purulent vaginal discharge detectable in vagina within 21 days of parturition
what is a grade 1 metritis?
enlarged uterus with discharge but no systemic involvement
what is grade 2 metritis?
enlarged uterus with discharge and systemic illness (milk drop, pyrexia, decreased appetite)
what is grade 3 metritis?
enlarged uterus and discharge but also has signs of toxaemia (dull, cold extremities)
what is a pyometra?
accumulation of purulent material within the uterine lumen in the presence of a corpus luteum and closed cervix
what is needed to diagnose a pyometra?
enlarged uterus (pus)
corpus luteum
closed cervix
how is pyomtra treated?
prostaglandin F2 alpha
what is endometritis?
presence of purulent uterine discharge detectable in vagina 21 days or more post-partum
how is endometritis graded?
0 to 3
what is grade 0 endometritis?
clear fluid
what is grade 1 endometritis?
flecks of white or off-white pus
what is grade 2 endometritis?
<50% white or off-white pus
what is grade 3 endometritis?
purulent material that is usually white/yellow but can be bloody
what grade of endometritis should be treated?
2 and 3 (not 0 or 1)
what is sub-clinical endometritis?
no clinical signs of endometritis but immune cells can be flushed from the uterus (neutrophils)
what are the risk factors for sub-clinical endometritis?
negative energy balance/ketosis
metritis
what are the two types of ovarian cysts?
follicular and luteal
what is a follicular cyst?
a follicle that didn’t ovulate but continues to grow
what is a luteal cyst?
a follicular cyst that has lutenised
what are the clinical signs of luteal cysts?
anoestrus (cyst produces constant progesterone so cow doesn’t cycle)
what are the clinical signs of follicular cysts?
nymphomania (lots of oestrodiol being produced)
when would you not treat a follicular cyst?
if the cow is less than 30 days in milk
what are some factors associated with cystic ovarian disease?
high milk production
NED/ketosis (raised NEFA)
higher parity
twins and peri-parturient problems
high BCS at drying off
when would a follicular cyst on an ovary be considered hormonally inactive?
if there is a CL present that is >2cm (treatment directed at CL)
how do follicular cysts appear of scans?
thin wall (<3mm)
fluid filled
internal diameter >25mm
duration (>10 days)
how long do follicular cysts produce estradiol for?
first half of their lifespan
why are follicular cysts an issue?
the prolonged estradiol release inhibits LH surges so no other follicles can develop ovulate
what are the characteristics of a luteal cyst?
> 25mm external diameter
thick wall (>3mm)
fluid filled lacuna
present for >10 days
what are the treatment options for follicular cysts?
burst
GnRH
progesterone (PRID/CIDR)
aspirate
leave alone (if less than 30 days in milk)
how can luteal cysts be treated?
prostaglandin
if you are unsure whether a cyst is follicular or luteal, how could it be treated?
progesterone device
