Ultrastructure of Eukaryotic cells

Question 1

Flagella

Answer 1

A whip-like extension.

Used to enable cells motility. In some cells are used as a sensory organelle detecting chemical change.

Question 2

Cilia

Answer 2

Hair-like extension.
Can be mobile or stationary.
Stationary cilia are present on surface of cells.
Mobile cilia beat in a rhythm creating a current causing things to move.

Question 3

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

Network of membranes enclosing flattened sacs called cisternae.
Responsible for lipid and carbohydrate synthesis and storage.

Question 4

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

Network of membranes enclosing flattened sacs called cisternae.
Has ribosomes bound to surface and is responsible for synthesis and transport of proteins.

Question 5

Ribosomes

Answer 5

Found free-floating in cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum making it rough.
Constructed of RNA made in nucleolus of cell.
Ribosomes are site of protein synthesis.

Question 6

Golgi apparatus

Answer 6

Compact structure formed of cisternae and doesn’t contain ribosomes.
Has a role in modifying proteins and packing them into vesicles.

Question 7

Chloroplasts

Answer 7

Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.
Found in leaves and stems.
Double membrane structure.
Fluid enclosed is called stroma.
Have thylakoid sacs stacked together called granum.
Grana are joined by lamellae.
Grana contain chlorophyll pigment where light-depend reactions occur during photosynthesis.

Question 8

Lysosomes

Answer 8

Specialised forms of vesicle that contain hydrolytic enzymes.
Responsible for breaking down waste material in cells.
Breakdown pathogens in immune system.

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Contains coded genetic information in form of DNA molecules.

Question 10

Nucleolus

Answer 10

Area within nucleus responsible for producing ribosomes.

Composed of proteins and RNA.

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

Essential organelles.

Site of final stages of cellular respiration.