Patterns of Inheritance key terms

Question 1

Continuous variation

Answer 1

No distinct categories, a range of values

Question 2

Discontinuous variation

Answer 2

Two or more distinct categories

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

Sequence of bases on a section of DNA

Question 4

Alleles

Answer 4

Different versions of the same gene

Question 5

Locus

Answer 5

Position of an allele of a gene on a chromosome

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

Combination of alleles an organism has

Question 7

Phenotype

Answer 7

Characteristics the alleles produce

Question 8

Homozygous

Answer 8

Two copies of same allele. e.g. BB or bb

Question 9

Heterozygous

Answer 9

Two different alleles. e.g. Bb

Question 10

Dominant

Answer 10

One copy of dominant allele is needed for a characteristic to be seen

Question 11

Recessive

Answer 11

Two copies are needed for characteristic to be seen

Question 12

Codominant

Answer 12

Both alleles are expressed in phenotype because neither are recessive

Question 13

Carrier

Answer 13

Heterozygous can carry an allele not seen in phenotype

Question 14

Monohybrid/Monogenic cross

Answer 14

Show inheritance of a characteristic controlled by a single gene. 3:1 phenotypic ratio

Question 15

Dihybrid cross

Answer 15

Inheritance of two characteristics controlled by different genes. 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio

Question 16

Autosome

Answer 16

Chromosome that isn’t a sex chromosome

Question 17

Autosomal linkage

Answer 17

Genes on the same autosome are linked

Question 18

Epistasis

Answer 18

Allele of one gene blocks or masks expression of alleles of other genes

Question 19

Chi-squared test

Answer 19

Used to see if the results of an experiment support a theory by using a null hypothesis. Chi-squared result will be compared to a critical value