Patterns of Inheritance key terms Flashcards
Continuous variation
No distinct categories, a range of values
Discontinuous variation
Two or more distinct categories
Gene
Sequence of bases on a section of DNA
Alleles
Different versions of the same gene
Locus
Position of an allele of a gene on a chromosome
Genotype
Combination of alleles an organism has
Phenotype
Characteristics the alleles produce
Homozygous
Two copies of same allele. e.g. BB or bb
Heterozygous
Two different alleles. e.g. Bb
Dominant
One copy of dominant allele is needed for a characteristic to be seen
Recessive
Two copies are needed for characteristic to be seen
Codominant
Both alleles are expressed in phenotype because neither are recessive
Carrier
Heterozygous can carry an allele not seen in phenotype
Monohybrid/Monogenic cross
Show inheritance of a characteristic controlled by a single gene. 3:1 phenotypic ratio
Dihybrid cross
Inheritance of two characteristics controlled by different genes. 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio
Autosome
Chromosome that isn’t a sex chromosome
Autosomal linkage
Genes on the same autosome are linked
Epistasis
Allele of one gene blocks or masks expression of alleles of other genes
Chi-squared test
Used to see if the results of an experiment support a theory by using a null hypothesis. Chi-squared result will be compared to a critical value
