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Diagnostic Imaging FINAL > Ultrasound misc. > Flashcards

Ultrasound misc. Flashcards

1
Q

*View ultrasound misc. lecture; slide 2

A

Adrenal glands
Peanuts
Near the aorta

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2
Q

Where do adrenals live?

A 
Retroperitoneal space.
Craniomedial to the kidneys
Lateral to the great vessels
-Left adrenal is lateral to the aorta
-Right adrenal is lateral to the caudal vena cava
Cranial to the renal vessels.
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3
Q

Tumors of the right adrenal is more likely to invade the..

A

caudal vena cava.

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4
Q

Right adrenal is lateral to the…

A

caudal vena cava

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5
Q

Left adrenal is lateral to the..

A

aorta

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6
Q

Left adrenal gland:

A

Ventral/lateral to the aorta.
Caudal to the cranial mesenteric artery.
Cranial to the left renal artery.

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7
Q

*View ultrasound misc. lecture; slide 4

A

Left adrenal gland

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8
Q

*View ultrasound misc. lecture; slide 5

A

Right adrenal gland

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9
Q

Right adrenal gland:

A

Dorsolateral to the caudal vena cava
Ventral to the aorta
Cranial to the right renal artery

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10
Q

Normal adrenal gland:

Size in totally healthy dogs?

A

7.4 mm thick in healthy dogs

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11
Q

Normal adrenal gland:

Size in smaller dogs:

A

6 mm in smaller dogs

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12
Q

Normal adrenal gland:

Size in larger dogs

A

8 mm in larger dogs

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13
Q

Normal adrenal gland:

Size in cats (ovoid shape)

A

4 mm in cats

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14
Q

Normal adrenal gland on ultrasound:

*View ultrasound misc. lecture; slide 6

A

Hypoechoic to kidney and surrounding fat.
Corticomedullary junction may be seen.
Left adrenal is “peanut shaped”.
Right adrenal may be “bent arrow shaped”
Incidental mineralization may be seen in older cats.

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15
Q

Common adrenal lesions:

A

Adrenal nebulomas are common.

-Hyperplasia, Adenoma, Adenocarcinoma, Pheochromocytoma.

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16
Q

*View ultrasound misc. lecture; slide 7

A

Adrenal leisons

17
Q

Adrenal leisons

Normal ultrasonography appearance..

A

Doesn’t rule out hyperplasia (or hypoplasia)
Most adrenal lesions will manifest as an increase in size
You cant tell if a lesion is neoplastic based on its ultrasonography appearance.
Only the pathologist knows

18
Q

Adrenal leisons

Hyperplasia

A 
Often bilateral (PDH)
Usually <2cm thick
Doesn't invade vessels
Not usually mineralized (dogs)
*Normal mineralized in cats
PDH = pituitary dependent hyperplasia
19
Q

Adrenal leisons

Neoplasia

A 
Usually unilateral
Likely neoplastic if >4cm
May invade vessels (esp. rt)
May be mineralized
May metastasize
20
Q

Adrenal leisons

Vascular involvement

A

Tumors can compress or invade the surrounding vessels
-Right adrenal mass easily invades the CVC
Whenever you see an adrenal mass, check for thrombus or invasion of vessels.
Retroperitoneal hemorrhage may be present.

21
Q

*View ultrasound misc. lecture; slide 10, 11 and 12

A

Vascular involvement

*Pheochromocytoma (adrenal mass)

22
Q

Lymph nodes:

A

Hepatic (caudal to liver)
Left colic (near iliocolic junction)
Mesenteric (jejunal) (adjacent to bowels)
Sublumbar

23
Q

Sublumbar nodes:

A

Medial iliac
Internal iliac
Sacral

24
Q 
Sublumbar nodes:
Medial iliac
Internal iliac
Sacral
Common causes for abnormalities:
A

Lymphoscarcoma
Anal gland disease
Prostate and bladder disease
Reactive nodes; systemic inflammation, local inflammation.

*View ultrasound misc. lecture; slide 14

25
Q

*View ultrasound misc. lecture; slide 15

A

Medial iliac
Near the intervertebral disc space
Normal: 3 to 4 mm thick; mild may be hypoechoic and rounded

26
Q

*View ultrasound misc. lecture; slide 16

A

Ultrasound of the medial iliac lymph nodes in the dogs

27
Q

*View ultrasound misc. lecture; slide 17

A

Thyroid and parathyroid
PT may be in or next to the thyroid.
High frequency probe is needed!

28
Q

Parathyroid gland in dogs

A

4mm

29
Q

Parathyroid gland in cats

A

2mm

30
Q

*View ultrasound misc. lecture; slide 18

A

Parathyroid gland

31
Q

*View ultrasound misc. lecture; slide 19

A

Thyroid disease

32
Q

Size and function of thyroid glands:

A

Size and function do not correlate.
The large mass on the previous slide may not be functional, while a normal size and shape TG may be functioning abnormally.

33
Q 
Musculoskeletal US
Tendons
Ligaments 
Joints 
*View ultrasound misc. lecture; slide 22
A

Equine limbs

34
Q 
Musculoskeletal US
Tendons
Ligaments 
Joints 
*View ultrasound misc. lecture; slide 23
A

Bicipital tendon

Diagnostic Imaging FINAL (10 decks)

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