ultrasonography Flashcards
where is the processor?
here
what does the probe (transductor) of an ultrasound machine do?
it’s put over the body part of interest, sends ultrasound waves and receives the echoes
what does the processor of an ultrasound machine do?
generates an image of the body part based on the pattern of echoes that returned to the probe
what does the monitor/screen of an ultrasound machine do?
display the image (who would have thought)
what does the control panel of an ultrasound machine do?
- change how the probe is working (eg frequency of sound wave sent)
- change image display (eg brightness)
The veterinarian using the probe has no PPE on (lead gowns or gloves). Why not?
there is no harmful radiation produced by sound waves
Which of the components of the machine listed below sends out sound waves?
a. The control panel
b. The display screen
c. The probe
d. The processor
c. The probe - the head of the probe contains special crystals, which generate sound waves and receive them
true or false - the ultrasound image shows you a plane through the body part being imaged?
true - we change the plane being viewed by changing the angle of the probe
two terms that can be used in the context of imaging a single organ are longitudinal and transverse - what do they mean?
longitudinal - down the long axis of the organ
transverse - across the short axis of the organ
true or false - the top of the image shows you the part of the body that was closest to the probe
true - usually the body wall
where is near field on the image?
the top half of the image
where is far field on the image?
the bottom half of the image
what do the terms superficial and deep mean?
superficial - closer to the body wall, deep - further away from the body wall (eg the peritoneum would be deep to the body wall but superficial to the urinary bladder)
saturn is:
a. deep to the sun
b. superficial to the sun
a. deep to the sun
the sun is:
a. in the near field
b. in the far field
a. in the near field
what units are the scale to the right of the ultrasound image in?
a. mm
b. cm
c. m
b. cm
the lollipop is:
a. about 0.2cm in length
b. about 2cm in length
c. about 20cm in length
b. about 2cm in length
the reference marker true or false: whichever part of the body is under the probe with the reference marker will be shown on the LEFT of the screen, linked with a symbol?
true - the on screen letter M in the clinical skills lab
This term describes a white (sometimes called bright) appearance on the image; it is plotted when the ultrasound probe receives many echoes from a particular area:
a. hyperechoic
b. hypoechoic
c. anechoic
a. hyperechoic
This term describes a grey appearance on the image; it is plotted when the ultrasound probe receives an intermediate number of echoes from a particular area:
a. hyperechoic
b. hypoechoic
c. anechoic
b. hypoechoic
This term describes a black (sometimes called dark) appearance on the image; it is plotted when the ultrasound probe receives no echoes from a particular area:
a. hyperechoic
b. hypoechoic
c. anechoic
c. anechoic
what does echogenicity mean?
the ability to bounce an echo (ultrasound version of radiopacity)
the rainbow icon is overlying a region of the image best described as:
a. hyperechoic
b. hypoechoic
c. anechoic
c. anechoic - very dark/black appearance, no echoes returned from this part of the body to the probe
Fill in the blank: The sun icon is overlying a region that is _____ compared to that underlying the cat icon.
a. hyperechoic
b. hypoechoic
b. hypoechoic - it’s darker grey
Water reflects virtually no sound. Therefore, body fluids that don’t contain many cells or large particles are…
a. hyperechoic
b. hypoechoic
c. anechoic
c. anechoic
which label on this ultrasound image is pointing to fluid?
the anechoic part
true or false - you can only get information about the surface of a bone via ultrasound
true - sound does not make it through bone, so we can’t get reflections deep to it
how does bone appear on a radiograph?
a. a hyperechoic surface with an anechoic region deep to it that extends all the way to the far field
b. a hyerechoic region followed by a hypoechoic region just in the area of the bone
a. a hyperechoic surface with an anechoic region deep to it that extends all the way to the far field
true or false - deep to the hyperechoic surface of an air filled structure we will not gather true anatomical information?
true - because we do not have any sound travelling through the tissue deep to air (it has all been reflected)
true or false - different organs have different characteristic echogenicities and echotexture?
true - this means unlike in radiographs, we can distinguish between them
why is ultrasound gel (or some form of coupling agent) important?
to make sure the sound waves travel from the probe into the patient instead of reflecting off any air between the probe and skin
This setting adjusts the overall appearance of the image. Turning it up will make the entire image appear more white; turning the gain down will make the entire image appear more black - is it:
a. gain
b. depth
c. focal zone
a. gain
with this setting we can set how far into the tissue we are viewing. Usually, we want the structure we are interested in to take up the majority of the screen.
a. gain
b. depth
c. focal zone
b. depth
this setting relates to the part of the image with the best resolution. We can adjust this to match the structure we are interested in (for example, if we want to see a structure that is quite deep, in the far field, we can move the ______ deeper).
a. gain
b. depth
c. focal zone
c. focal zone (this is related to focus)
after obtaining an image that shows the structure of interest well, what is the process (order) for measuring?
- press freeze
- press calipers
- use set and roller to set markers (screen display)
what is a “fanning” movement of the ultrasound probe?
the tip of probe stays at a certain point and only the tail (end with the cord) moves backwards and forwards - for horizontal plane
what is the “rocking” movement of the ultrasound probe?
the tip of the probe stays at a certain point and only the tail (end with the cord) moves side to side - vertical plane (
what is the “sweeping” movement of the ultrasound probe?
just like you would sweep with a broom, moving the probe in one direction or the other (forwards or backwards) from the centre - horizontal axis (wide part of probe)
what is the “sliding” movement of the ultrasound probe?
sliding the probe to one side or the other from the centre - vertical axis (narrow part of probe)
what is the “rotating” movement of the ultrasound probe?
moving the probe clockwise or counterclockwise on it’s own axis (fixed point - not moving over patient)
what’s wrong with this image?
probes are very expensive and delicate (like clean down with wipes because paper towels are too scratchy level) - need to be in it’s holder, not left lying around
