topography assessment - small animal Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

which is the axial skeleton - left or right?

A

left

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2
Q

which is the appendicular skeleton - left or right?

A

right

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3
Q

identify the following vertebral regions:
1. cervical
2. thoracic
3. lumbar
4. sacral
5. caudal

A

good job!

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4
Q

what is this vertebral region called?

A

cervical

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5
Q

what is this vertebral region called?

A

sacral

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6
Q

what is this vertebral region called?

A

coccygeal/caudal

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7
Q

what are vertebrae A and B called?

A

A - atlas (C1)
B - axis (C2)

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8
Q

which joint is this?

A
  • atlantoaxial joint
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9
Q

which joint is the blank box?

A

sacroiliac - between the sacral vertebrae and the ilium of the pelvis

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10
Q

where is the sacroiliac joint?

A

here :)

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11
Q

where is the dorsal spinous process?

A

here :)

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12
Q

where is the transverse spinous process?

A

here :)

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13
Q

where is the vertebral body?

A

here :)

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14
Q

where is the intervertebral disk space?

A

here

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15
Q

where is the transverse spinous process?

A

here

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16
Q

where are the carpal bones?

A

here

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17
Q

where is the humerus?

A

here

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18
Q

where are the metacarpal bones?

A

here

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19
Q

where are the phalanges?

A

here

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20
Q

where is the radius?

A

here

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21
Q

where is the scapula?

A

here

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22
Q

where is the ulna?

A

here

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23
Q

where is the femur?

A

here

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24
Q

where is the fibula?

A

here - think fib = white lie, small (smaller than the tibia)

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25
Q

where are the metatarsal bones?

A

here

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26
Q

where is the pelvis?

A

here

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27
Q

where are the phalanges?

A

here

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28
Q

where are the tarsal bones?

A

here

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29
Q

where is the tibia?

A

here

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30
Q

where is the patella?

A

here

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31
Q

where is the shoulder / glenohumeral joint?

A

here

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32
Q

where is the elbow?

A

here

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33
Q

where is the carpus?

A

here

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34
Q

where is the metacarpophalangeal joint?

A

here

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35
Q

where is the distal interphalangeal joint?

A

here

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36
Q

where is the proximal interphalangeal joint?

A

here

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37
Q

which joint is the top box?

A

coxofemoral (hip)

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38
Q

which joint is the middle box?

A

stifle

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38
Q

which joint is the last box?

A

tarsus (hock)

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39
Q

what is bone A?

A

the scapula

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40
Q

what is bone B?

A

the humerus

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41
Q

what is bone C?

A

radius / ulna

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42
Q

what is bone E?

A

the pelvis

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43
Q

what is bone F?

A

the femur

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44
Q

what is bone D?

A

the patella (kneecap)

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45
Q

what is bone G?

A

the tibia / fibula

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46
Q

what is bone H?

A

the metatarsals

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47
Q

right forelimb - which joint is the red arrow?

A

carpus

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48
Q

right forelimb - which joint is the blue arrow?

A

metacarpophalangeal

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49
Q

right forelimb - which joint is the green arrow?

A

proximal interphalangeal

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50
Q

right forelimb - which joint is the yellow arrow?

A

distal interphalangeal

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51
Q

where is the glenohumeral joint?

A

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint is here

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52
Q

where is the elbow joint?

A

here

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53
Q

where is the carpus?

A

here

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54
Q

where is the coxofemoral joint?

A

the coxofemoral joint (hip) is here

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55
Q

where is the stifle?

A

here (stifle = knee)

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56
Q

where is the hock?

A

the hock/tarsus is here

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57
Q

what is flexion?

A

Flexion: The movement of one bone in relation to another so that the angle formed at their joint is decreased

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58
Q

what is extension?

A

Extension: The movement of one bone in relation to another so that the angle formed at their joint is increased

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59
Q

what is adduction?

A

moving part moves towards the body, eg 1 in the diagram

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60
Q

what is abduction?

A

moving part moves away from the body, eg 2 in the diagram

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61
Q

are these husky’s hips abducted or adducted?

A

abducted - think kidnapped, taken away

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62
Q

where is the brachial region?

A

region 10 - between the shoulder and elbow

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63
Q

where is the antebrachial region?

A

light green region 14 - between the elbow and the carpus

64
Q

where is the carpal region?

A

pink region 15 - region of the carpal bones and joints

65
Q

where is the metacarpal region?

A

blue region 16 - between the carpus and the digits

66
Q

where is the digital region?

A

red 17 - after the metacarpal

67
Q

what is in location 12?

A

the elbow joint

68
Q

what is in region 13?

A

the olecranon

69
Q

what is the muscle in region 11?

A

the triceps

70
Q

what is in region 8?

A

the shoulder joint

71
Q

what is in region 9?

A

the axillary region - armpit

72
Q

which box is the spine of the scapula?

A

this one

73
Q

which box is the dorsal border of the scapula?

A

this one - the edge of the scapula closest to the spine

74
Q

which box is the head of the humerus?

A

this one - the head is the “ball” that goes into the scapula “socket” (fossa) to create the shoulder joint

75
Q

which box is the greater tubercle of the humerus?

A

this one - top of the humerus, other side (lateral) to the head of the humerus

76
Q

does the greater tubercle the humerus or femur?

A

humerus - forelimb :)

77
Q

where does the biceps tendon run?

A

through the intertubercular groove of the humerus - medial aspect of the shoulder joint

78
Q

the ulna - which box is the anconeal process?

A

the funny little beak thing at the top of the trochlear notch

79
Q

the ulna - which box is the trochlear notch?

A

the “socket” of the ulna, joins with the “ball” of the humerus to form the elbow joint

80
Q

the ulna - where is the medial coronoid process?

A

the medial coronoid process is larger than the lateral - also easier to identify on an animal with directions lol

81
Q

the ulna - where is the lateral coronoid process?

A

here - smaller than the medial coronoid process

82
Q

which box is the olecranon?

A

elbow point :)

83
Q

which line is the radiocarpal joint?

A

the green line - between the distal ends of the radius and ulna and the proximal row of carpal bones

84
Q

which line is the midcarpal / intercarpal joint?

A

red - between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones

85
Q

which line is the carpometacarpal joint?

A

blue - between the distal row of carpal bones and the metacarpal bones

86
Q

with numbering phalanges/carpal bones etc, do we count medially (from the thumb outwards) or laterally (from the pinkie inwards)

A

medially - from the thumb outwards

87
Q

which box is metacarpal I?

A

the small, non weight bearing one

88
Q

which box is metacarpal III?

A

remember - count medially outwards

89
Q

which box is metacarpal V?

A

the outside one

90
Q

which box is digit I?

A

the thumb

91
Q

which box is digit V?

A

the lateral one

92
Q

which box is the proximal phalanx?

A

this one

93
Q

which box is the middle phalanx?

A

this one

94
Q

which box is the distal phalanx?

A

this one

95
Q

which box is the metacarpophalangeal joint?

A

here

96
Q

which box is the proximal interphalangeal joint?

A

here

97
Q

which box is the distal interphalangeal joint?

A

here

98
Q

which digit is digit I?

A

the dewclaw - sometimes removed. count from II - V for main digits.

99
Q

what is the yellow muscle?

A

triceps

100
Q

what is the pink muscle?

A

biceps (medial forelimb)

101
Q

canine medial left forelimb - which box is the biceps brachii?

A

here

102
Q

canine medial left forelimb - which box is the triceps brachii?

A

here

103
Q

which box is the triceps brachii?

A

here

104
Q

which box is the carpal and digital extensors?

A

top of the forelimb

105
Q

which box is the carpal and digital flexors?

A

palmar side of the forelimb

106
Q

The image to the right shows the palmar view of a dog’s distal limb. The black arrow is pointing to a tendon.

Which muscle group does the tendon belong to?
a. digital extensors
b. digital flexors

A

b. digital flexors

107
Q

which box is the superficial digital flexor?

A

here

108
Q

which box is the deep digital flexor?

A

here

109
Q

what vein is this?

A

the cephalic vein

110
Q

where is the gluteal region?

A

pink 2 - “the rump”

111
Q

where is the femoral region?

A

red 8 - the thigh, surrounds the whole femur medially and laterally

112
Q

where is the stifle region?

A

green 9 - the knee joint region

113
Q

where is the crural region?

A

blue 12 - between the stifle and the tarsus

114
Q

where is the tarsal region?

A

green 13 - the hock

115
Q

where is the metatarsal region?

A

pink 15

116
Q

where is the digital region?

A

red 16 - overlying the phalanges

117
Q

where is the wing of the ilium?

A

blue 3

118
Q

where is the ischiatic tuberosity?

A

blue 5

119
Q

where is the hip joint?

A

green 7

120
Q

where is the patella?

A

pink 10

121
Q

where is the calcaneus?

A

red 14 - the ankle

122
Q

which box is the accessory carpal bone?

A

here

123
Q

where is the wing of the ilium?

A

here

124
Q

where is the ischiatic tuberosity?

A

here

125
Q

where is the obturator foramen?

A

the random holes in the pelvis

126
Q

where is the acetabulum?

A

the “socket” of the pelvis that forms the hip joint

127
Q

which is the pubis?

A

here

128
Q

where is the ilium?

A

top of pelvis down to pubis

129
Q

where is the acetabulum?

A

“socket” of pelvis

130
Q

where is the ischium?

A

underneath pubis, bottom half of obturator foramen onwards

131
Q

is the greater trochanter femur or humerus?

A

femur - hindlimb

132
Q

which box is the greater trochanter?

A

opposite the head of the femur

133
Q

where is the medial condyle of the femur?

A

distal (knee) end of the femur, same side as the head

134
Q

where is the lateral condyle of the femur?

A

sticky out bit at the knee end of the femur

135
Q

which box is the tibial plateau?

A

the flat bit at the top of the tibia - the big bone

136
Q

which one is the tibial plateau?

A

flat bit at the top of the tibia

137
Q

where is the tibial tuberosity?

A

end of funky dip, where patella ligament would attach

138
Q

which box is the tibial tuberosity?

A

end of patella ligament bump

139
Q

where is the patella ligament?

A

here - the random straight part

140
Q

which sesamoid bone is the fabellae?

A

the ones caudal to the knee, opposite the patella

141
Q

which joint is the yellow line?

A

the tibiotarsal joint ( aka crurotarsal)

142
Q

which joint is the green line?

A

proximal intertarsal

143
Q

which joint is the red line?

A

distal intertarsal

144
Q

what joint is the purple line?

A

metatarsophalangeal

145
Q

hindlimb - what tendon is the higher box?

A

the common calcanean tendon (aka achilles)

146
Q

hindlimb - what is the bony thing in the lower box?

A

the calcaneus (sticky out part of your ankle)

147
Q

how many main phalanges are there in the hindlimb - four or five?

A

four - with an occasional dew claw as digit I. count them II - V, medially to laterally

148
Q

what is the red muscle group?

A

gluteals

149
Q

what is the purple muscle group?

A

hamstrings

150
Q

which muscle is the quadriceps?

A

the green one - front of thigh

151
Q

what muscle is the purple one?

A

gastrocnemius - the calf

152
Q

hindlimb - which box is the digital extensors?

A

dorsal aspect of hindlimb

153
Q

hindlimb - which box is the digital flexors?

A

plantar aspect of hindlimb

154
Q

which phalanges does the deep digital flexor attach to?

A

P3 - distal phalanx

155
Q

which phalanges does the superficial digital flexor attach to?

A

P2 - middle phalanx

156
Q

is the flexor surface on the tarsus the same aspect of the limb as the carpus?

A

nope - the carpus flexes caudally, the tarsus/hock flexes cranially

157
Q

hindlimb - what artery is this?

A

femoral artery

158
Q

what vein is this?

A

lateral saphenous - takes a superficial path along the crural region (between stifle and tarsus)