topography assessment - small animal Flashcards
which is the axial skeleton - left or right?
left
which is the appendicular skeleton - left or right?
right
identify the following vertebral regions:
1. cervical
2. thoracic
3. lumbar
4. sacral
5. caudal
good job!
what is this vertebral region called?
cervical
what is this vertebral region called?
sacral
what is this vertebral region called?
coccygeal/caudal
what are vertebrae A and B called?
A - atlas (C1)
B - axis (C2)
which joint is this?
- atlantoaxial joint
which joint is the blank box?
sacroiliac - between the sacral vertebrae and the ilium of the pelvis
where is the sacroiliac joint?
here :)
where is the dorsal spinous process?
here :)
where is the transverse spinous process?
here :)
where is the vertebral body?
here :)
where is the intervertebral disk space?
here
where is the transverse spinous process?
here
where are the carpal bones?
here
where is the humerus?
here
where are the metacarpal bones?
here
where are the phalanges?
here
where is the radius?
here
where is the scapula?
here
where is the ulna?
here
where is the femur?
here
where is the fibula?
here - think fib = white lie, small (smaller than the tibia)
where are the metatarsal bones?
here
where is the pelvis?
here
where are the phalanges?
here
where are the tarsal bones?
here
where is the tibia?
here
where is the patella?
here
where is the shoulder / glenohumeral joint?
here
where is the elbow?
here
where is the carpus?
here
where is the metacarpophalangeal joint?
here
where is the distal interphalangeal joint?
here
where is the proximal interphalangeal joint?
here
which joint is the top box?
coxofemoral (hip)
which joint is the middle box?
stifle
which joint is the last box?
tarsus (hock)
what is bone A?
the scapula
what is bone B?
the humerus
what is bone C?
radius / ulna
what is bone E?
the pelvis
what is bone F?
the femur
what is bone D?
the patella (kneecap)
what is bone G?
the tibia / fibula
what is bone H?
the metatarsals
right forelimb - which joint is the red arrow?
carpus
right forelimb - which joint is the blue arrow?
metacarpophalangeal
right forelimb - which joint is the green arrow?
proximal interphalangeal
right forelimb - which joint is the yellow arrow?
distal interphalangeal
where is the glenohumeral joint?
glenohumeral (shoulder) joint is here
where is the elbow joint?
here
where is the carpus?
here
where is the coxofemoral joint?
the coxofemoral joint (hip) is here
where is the stifle?
here (stifle = knee)
where is the hock?
the hock/tarsus is here
what is flexion?
Flexion: The movement of one bone in relation to another so that the angle formed at their joint is decreased
what is extension?
Extension: The movement of one bone in relation to another so that the angle formed at their joint is increased
what is adduction?
moving part moves towards the body, eg 1 in the diagram
what is abduction?
moving part moves away from the body, eg 2 in the diagram
are these husky’s hips abducted or adducted?
abducted - think kidnapped, taken away
where is the brachial region?
region 10 - between the shoulder and elbow
where is the antebrachial region?
light green region 14 - between the elbow and the carpus
where is the carpal region?
pink region 15 - region of the carpal bones and joints
where is the metacarpal region?
blue region 16 - between the carpus and the digits
where is the digital region?
red 17 - after the metacarpal
what is in location 12?
the elbow joint
what is in region 13?
the olecranon
what is the muscle in region 11?
the triceps
what is in region 8?
the shoulder joint
what is in region 9?
the axillary region - armpit
which box is the spine of the scapula?
this one
which box is the dorsal border of the scapula?
this one - the edge of the scapula closest to the spine
which box is the head of the humerus?
this one - the head is the “ball” that goes into the scapula “socket” (fossa) to create the shoulder joint
which box is the greater tubercle of the humerus?
this one - top of the humerus, other side (lateral) to the head of the humerus
where does the biceps tendon run?
through the intertubercular groove of the humerus - medial aspect of the shoulder joint
the ulna - which box is the anconeal process?
the funny little beak thing at the top of the trochlear notch
the ulna - which box is the trochlear notch?
the “socket” of the ulna, joins with the “ball” of the humerus to form the elbow joint
the ulna - where is the medial coronoid process?
the medial coronoid process is larger than the lateral - also easier to identify on an animal with directions lol
the ulna - where is the lateral coronoid process?
here - smaller than the medial coronoid process
which box is the olecranon?
elbow point :)
which line is the radiocarpal joint?
the green line - between the distal ends of the radius and ulna and the proximal row of carpal bones
which line is the midcarpal / intercarpal joint?
red - between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones
which line is the carpometacarpal joint?
blue - between the distal row of carpal bones and the metacarpal bones
with numbering phalanges/carpal bones etc, do we count medially (from the thumb outwards) or laterally (from the pinkie inwards)
medially - from the thumb outwards
which box is metacarpal I?
the small, non weight bearing one
which box is metacarpal III?
remember - count medially outwards
which box is metacarpal V?
the outside one
which box is digit I?
the thumb
which box is digit V?
the lateral one
which box is the proximal phalanx?
this one
which box is the middle phalanx?
this one
which box is the distal phalanx?
this one
which box is the metacarpophalangeal joint?
here
which box is the proximal interphalangeal joint?
here
which box is the distal interphalangeal joint?
here
which digit is digit I?
the dewclaw - sometimes removed. count from II - V for main digits.
what is the yellow muscle?
triceps
what is the pink muscle?
biceps (medial forelimb)
canine medial left forelimb - which box is the biceps brachii?
here
canine medial left forelimb - which box is the triceps brachii?
here
which box is the triceps brachii?
here
which box is the carpal and digital extensors?
top of the forelimb
which box is the carpal and digital flexors?
palmar side of the forelimb
The image to the right shows the palmar view of a dog’s distal limb. The black arrow is pointing to a tendon.
Which muscle group does the tendon belong to?
a. digital extensors
b. digital flexors
b. digital flexors
which box is the superficial digital flexor?
here
which box is the deep digital flexor?
here
what vein is this?
the cephalic vein
where is the gluteal region?
pink 2 - “the rump”
where is the femoral region?
red 8 - the thigh, surrounds the whole femur medially and laterally
where is the stifle region?
green 9 - the knee joint region
where is the crural region?
blue 12 - between the stifle and the tarsus
where is the tarsal region?
green 13 - the hock
where is the metatarsal region?
pink 15
where is the digital region?
red 16 - overlying the phalanges
where is the wing of the ilium?
blue 3
where is the ischiatic tuberosity?
blue 5
where is the hip joint?
green 7
where is the patella?
pink 10
where is the calcaneus?
red 14 - the ankle
which box is the accessory carpal bone?
here
where is the wing of the ilium?
here
where is the ischiatic tuberosity?
here
where is the obturator foramen?
the random holes in the pelvis
where is the acetabulum?
the “socket” of the pelvis that forms the hip joint
which is the pubis?
here
where is the ilium?
top of pelvis down to pubis
where is the acetabulum?
“socket” of pelvis
where is the ischium?
underneath pubis, bottom half of obturator foramen onwards
which box is the greater trochanter?
opposite the head of the femur
where is the medial condyle of the femur?
distal (knee) end of the femur, same side as the head
where is the lateral condyle of the femur?
sticky out bit at the knee end of the femur
which box is the tibial plateau?
the flat bit at the top of the tibia - the big bone
which one is the tibial plateau?
flat bit at the top of the tibia
where is the tibial tuberosity?
end of funky dip, where patella ligament would attach
which box is the tibial tuberosity?
end of patella ligament bump
where is the patella ligament?
here - the random straight part
which sesamoid bone is the fabellae?
the ones caudal to the knee, opposite the patella
which joint is the yellow line?
the tibiotarsal joint ( aka crurotarsal)
which joint is the green line?
proximal intertarsal
which joint is the red line?
distal intertarsal
what joint is the purple line?
metatarsophalangeal
hindlimb - what tendon is the higher box?
the common calcanean tendon (aka achilles)
hindlimb - what is the bony thing in the lower box?
the calcaneus (sticky out part of your ankle)
how many main phalanges are there in the hindlimb - four or five?
four - with an occasional dew claw as digit I. count them II - V, medially to laterally
what is the red muscle group?
gluteals
what is the purple muscle group?
hamstrings
which muscle is the quadriceps?
the green one - front of thigh
what muscle is the purple one?
gastrocnemius - the calf
hindlimb - which box is the digital extensors?
dorsal aspect of hindlimb
hindlimb - which box is the digital flexors?
plantar aspect of hindlimb
hindlimb - what artery is this?
femoral artery
