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20- SA- Dermatology > Ulcerative disease > Flashcards

Ulcerative disease Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what can you see on cytology with ulcers

A

blood cells
macrophages likely to be present- because dermis exposed

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2
Q

what is primary ulceration

A

Diseases within the skin that result in epidermal loss
due to- bacterial, viral, fungal, immune-mediates, traumatic and idiopathic causes

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3
Q

List 3 viral causes of ulceration in cats

A

Feline herpesvirus infection
Feline calicivirus infection
Feline cowpox infection

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4
Q

Name a immune-mediate disease that can cause ulceration in cats

A

feline plasma cell pododermatitis

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5
Q

Name a neoplasm that can cause ulceration in cats

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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6
Q

where are ulcerations likely to occur with feline herpes virus-1

A

facial lesions make a mask (eyelids, muzzle and nose +/- other parts of body)

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7
Q

Describe how to diagnose feline herpes virus-1

A

Diagnosis on histopathology- eosinophilic +/- neutrophilic inflammation

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8
Q

where are ulcers generally seen with calicivirus

A

ulcers and vesicles on mucous membrane, lips and nose

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9
Q

Describe how to treat viral causes (FHV-1 and FCV) of ulcers in cats

A

supportive care
specific antivirals may be useful in FHV-1- (lysine IS NOT EFFECTIVE)

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10
Q

which cats generally affected by cow poxs

A

hunting cats- often rural setting

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11
Q

Descrieb what you see with cow pox in cats

A

initially= signs usually start around head- crusted ulcer
7-14 days later= secondary papular crusting eruption
spontaneous recovery around 4-5 weeks as long as they have not been given steroids

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12
Q

Describe how to diagnose cow poxs

A

biopsy or PCR

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13
Q

Decsribe how to treat cow poxs

A

NOT GIVE STEROIDS/IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS
supportive therapy
manage co-morbidities
zoonotic- PPE essential

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14
Q

what is the cause of plasma cell pododermatitis

A

unknown - immune-mediated???
strong relationship to FIV in some studies

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15
Q

CLinical signs of plasma cell pododermatitis

A

soft swollen pads- mushy
some times have oral/nasal lesions

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16
Q

Diagnosis of plasma cell pododermatitis

A

FNA show plasma cells - often scant
Biopsy may be needed to confirm

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17
Q

signs of canine cutaneous lupus - FDLE

A

Nasal planum / nares
Erythema, depigmentation, scaling-> erosions/ulcerations, loss of architecture of nasal planum +/- crusting

18
Q

Treatment of plasma cell pododermatitis

A

spontaneous regression
prolapsed material= surgical repair
immune-modulation
prognosis god unless underlying disease

19
Q

diagnosis of canine cutaneous lupus- FDLE

A

histopathology - biopsy

20
Q

signs of cutaneous lupus- MCLE

A

Perimucosal ulcerated skin lesions / pain on urinating/defaecating
Anus, perigenital region, lips, periocular / symmetrical

21
Q

Treatment of cutaneous lupus

A

topical- where possible, antiseptics, steroid creams, tacrolimus

systemic- risk of adverse effects- immunosupression - avoid chronic intermittent use of oral ABs

22
Q

signs of mucocutaneous pyoderma

A

erythema, swellign crusting
ulcers

23
Q

Treatmetn of mucocutaneous pyoderma

A

ABs and chlorohexidien washes for 3-4 weeks
intermittent topical steroids for long term use

24
Q

Describe Cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma

A

older dog
variable presentation
oral lesions are common
ulcerations
variable response to chemo - can just treat signs of itch

25
Q

What is vasculitis

A

Immune-mediated damage of cutaneous blood vessels, but systemic involvement needs to be considered

26
Q

what is first affected by vasculitis

A

pinnae, tail tip, pads and nails

27
Q

Treatment of vasculitis

A

underlying cause- there are lots
Immunosuppressive agents (e.g. steroids)
Perfusion enhancing drugs (e.g. propentofylline)
Surgery sometimes needed for tail and ear lesions

28
Q

History seen with erythema multiforme

A

acute onset
lots of triggers
T-cell mediated attack of keratinocytes leading to cell death

Rare to uncommon

29
Q

Diagnosis of erythema multiforme

A

acute onset - rule out other causes
biopsy for definitive diagnosis

30
Q

Treatment for mild erythema multiforme

A

spontaneous regression possible
look for underlying cause- correct it

31
Q

Treatment for extensive erythema multiforme

A

supportive care and immunosuppressive drugs
have a marked risk of secondary bacterial infection

32
Q

How do Decubital ulcers (pressure sores) occur

A

Result from prolonged application of pressure
- Over a boney prominence
- Under a bandage
- In very heavy or debilitated animals

33
Q

Describe the stages of pressure sores

A

Stage 1= Redness of the skin, Erosions and possibly ulceration
Stage 2= Ulceration into the subcutis
Stage 3= Ulceration into underlying tissues
Stage 4= Ulceration to level of bone

34
Q

Treatment of pressure sores

A

prevention is way better
treatment= clean, protect (ring bandage), treat infection

35
Q

Describe hat we need to explain to owners about immunosuppression

A

control- initially complete control
then titrate- reduce dose to lowest level
maintain
monitor- to check for iatrogenic adverse effects

36
Q

what form of immune response do glucocorticoids contrl

A

humoral immune response

37
Q

what form of immune response does ciclosporin control

A

cell-mediated immune response

38
Q

what adjuvant drugs can be added to steroids or ciclosporin

A

azathioprine
Chlorambucil

39
Q

what species should azothioprine not be used in

A

Cats

40
Q

List 3 possible side effects of azathioprine

A

myelosupression
pancreatitis
hepatotoxicity

41
Q

List 3 possible side effects of chlorambucil

A

anorexia
v+
D+

20- SA- Dermatology (21 decks)

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