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20- SA- Dermatology > Scale > Flashcards

Scale Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Define scale

A

the presence of flakes of keratinized skin in the hair coat and on the skin.

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2
Q

List 5 things that scale can result from

A

normal skin function- small amounts normal
abnormal desquamation
Abnormal cornification
Inflammation
Bacterial and fungal enzymatic action

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3
Q

what is crust

A

result from the hardening of pus, serum and/or blood with scale to form a solid material which like scale is variably adherent to the skin

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4
Q

What is more common primary or secondary scale

A

secondary scale much more common

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5
Q

what is the most common form of scale

A

scale secondary to bacterial infection
the amount of scale depends on bacterial toxins

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6
Q

Decsribe the diagnostic plan in cases of scale

A
  1. check for parasites
  2. check for infection
  3. older animals- general health screening (e.g. biochem, urinalysis, haem)
  4. Biopsy
  5. Genetic testing if indicated
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7
Q

Describe Type 1 Zn-respinsive dermatosis

A

Genetically predisposed breeds eg Husky (type I)
Don’t absorb Zn very well - often young adult
see dull coat and specific hard plaques with marked scale and crusting

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8
Q

what is Zn needed for in the skin

A

Zinc is required for normal keratinisation

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9
Q

Describe how to treat Zn-responsive dermatosis

A

Zn supplementation (zinc sulphate - can cause v+)
correct diet

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10
Q

what is typically seen with ichthyosis of the golden retriever

A

seen from few weeks of age- scale is variable over life but can be severe
symptomatic treatment only
is a genetic disease

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11
Q

Describe canine ear margin seborrhea

A

uncommon - seen in dachshunds
thick white crust around ear margin
rubbing of these produces erosions and ulceration

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12
Q

Describe how to treat canine ear margin seborrhoea

A

incurable condition
surgery- can perform edge resection
medical- topical anti-seborrhoeic shampoos, combined with moisturisers

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13
Q

what is Nasodigital hyperkeratosis

A

A broad term for dogs with non-inflamed, quiescent and tightly adherent hyperkeratosis affecting the nose and sometimes the feet.

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14
Q

what is nasodigital hyperkeratosis associated with

A

distemper virus
has genetic component?

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15
Q

Desribe how to treat nasodigital hyperkeratosis

A

cutting off prominent fronds with scissors or a scalpel blade
hydrating the keratin using shampoos and soaks as described elsewhere
Essential fatty acids

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16
Q

Describe nasal parakeratosis of labradour retrivers

A

First observed between 6 & 12 months
genetic
roughening of nasal skin
treatment is for life- animals should not be bred from

17
Q

Describe how to diagnose NPLR (nasal parakeratosis of labrador retrievers)

A

biopsy
genetic testing

18
Q

Describe how to treat NPLR (nasal parakeratosis of labrador retrievers)

A

topical vitamin E
petroleum jelly
propylene glycol

19
Q

Describe Footpad hyperkeratosis of the Dogue de Bordeaux

A

fist signs at 4-6months
Foot pads only, with severe thickening with deep cracks appearing centrally

20
Q

Describe how to treat Footpad hyperkeratosis of the Dogue de Bordeaux

A

50% propylene glycol soaks
antibiotics for secondary infection
retinoids- very expensive

21
Q

where does callus generally occur

A

hocks, elbows, sternum and ischium

22
Q

what are callus

A

round or oval hyperkeratotic plaque that develops on the skin at points of trauma.

Callus is the normal response to pressure induced ischemia and inflammation.

23
Q

Describe how to treat callus

A

treat secondary infection
removal of trauma/pressure
bandaging and padding??
surgery is possible- Don’t really do though

24
Q

Describe Thymoma induced exfoliative dermatitis

A

Diffuse, non-pruritic erythema and exfoliation (large 1+ cm flakes if skin) +/- alopecia
Concurrent signs from respiratory compromise

25
Q

Describe how to treat Thymoma induced exfoliative dermatitis

A

immunomodulatory drugs
surgery is curative

26
Q

What is Idiopathic canine sebaceous adenitis

A

Inflammation in the sebaceous glands resulting in reduced activity to complete loss
not uncommon

27
Q

List the clinical signs of Idiopathic canine sebaceous adenitis

A

dry scale- fine
hair loss
Perifollicular hyperkeratosis is prominent
Follicular casts are common
Pruritus when 2˚ infection present

28
Q

Describe how to diagnose Idiopathic canine sebaceous adenitis

A

clinical signs highly suggestive

biopsy- will see absent sebaceous glands

29
Q

Treatment of Idiopathic canine sebaceous adenitis

A

Use emollient and lubricating shampoos
fatty acid and oil supplementation
ciclosporin
prognosis good if seen early enough

30
Q

what do Keratoplastic / keratolytic products
do

A

reduce scale production
but cause excessive drying so need to be used before moisturizing products

31
Q

what do Moisturising and emollient products
do

A

These reduce transepidermal water loss and prevent inflammation
Best used after other products have removed scale

32
Q

what is the action of keratoplastic products

A

reducing cell turnover in the skin to reduce scale production
e.g. sulphur and tar

33
Q

what is the action of keratolytic products

A

the shampoo removes cells from the surface of the skin
e.g. salicylic acid

34
Q

when do we use Selenium sulphide to treat scale

A

Older anti-seborrheic but can be used to treat severe cases of oily greasy skin non-responsive to other agents- not used much
causes marked drying
stains coat pink in white animals

35
Q

Describe nasodigital hyperkeratosis lesions

A

nasal lesions - nose is dry with hard projections, cracks and fissures may occur
pad lesions - all the pads lack flexibility, they are cracked and corns can form

36
Q

How do steroids affect keratinisation

A

reduce turnover of epithelial cells

37
Q

Describe type 2 Zn-responsive dermatosis

A

In nutritional restriction seen in young rapidly growing larger breeds

20- SA- Dermatology (21 decks)

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