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20- SA- Dermatology > Non-pruritic alopecia > Flashcards

Non-pruritic alopecia Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

List 3 things to assess on physical exam associated with alopecia

A

character and distribution of lesion
character of alopecia
distribution/ other dermatological changes

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2
Q

List 7 possible inflammatory causes of alopecia

A

bacterial folliculitis
dermatophytosis
demodicosis
leishmaniasis
alopecia areeata
dermatomyositis
sebacous adenitis

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3
Q

what is the most common species of dermatophytosis to affect dogs and cats

A

Microsporum canis (zoophilic)

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4
Q

Describe the typical presentation of dermatophytosis

A

Multifocal patches often circular
typical size 4-6 cm
mostly non-pruritic
often the head, ears and chin affected

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5
Q

How can we diagnose dermatophytosis

A

wood’s lamp exam- most will fluoresce - better to do indirectly
trichography
external lab fungal culture- gold standard

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6
Q

Describe how to treat dermatophytosis

A

topical- chlorhexidine/ miconazole shampoo
environmental decontamination- destroy bedding, isolate animal
systemic therapy- itraconazole or ketoconazole

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7
Q

Describe how to monitor dermatophytosis treatment success

A

Monitor fungal culture every 2 weeks ideally using toothbrush technique

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8
Q

Describe juvenile onset canine demodicosis

A

Immature immune system
Localised (<6 patches alopecia)
Generalised (includes body region – feet, head)

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9
Q

Describe adult onset of canine demodicosis

A

Immunosuppressive disease
Idiopathic (immunosuppressive drugs)
needs aggressive treatment
This is most often a manifestation of profound systemic illness

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10
Q

Describe typical presentation of juvenile onset demodicosis

A

alopecia
scaling
blue-grey hyperpigmentation
comedones
follicular casts

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11
Q

Describe how to diagnose canine demodicosis

A

clinical appearance
Positive skin scrapings, hair plucks or biopsy
Reserve biopsy for areas with severe secondary changes

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12
Q

what do follicular casts indicate- commonly caused by…..

A

follicular disease

common in:
demidicosis
dermatophytosis
sebaceous adenitis

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13
Q

Describe how to treat canine demodicosis in adults

A

only need to do if significant bacterial infection
clip
treat bacterial infection
treat ANY underlying immunosuppression
anti-mite treatments - Isoxazoline

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14
Q

Describe demodex cati

A

follicular mites- rare cause of disease
diagnosis via deep skin scrapes
treatment- isoxazolines

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15
Q

List 7 general dermatological features of endocrine disease

A

symmetrical/ generalised alopecia
dull and dry coat
comedones
hyperpigmentation
atrophic skin
poor wound healing
post-clipping alopecia

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16
Q

List the derm signs seen with hyperadrenocorticism

A

thinning
poor wound healing

17
Q

Describe telogen defluxion (effluvium)

A

sudden onset hair loss
occurs 1-3 months post- stressful incident
hairs are synchronised into telogen

18
Q

Describe feline paraneoplastic alopecia

A

caused by pancreatic and bile duct carcinomas
alopecia of ventrum and legs
skin shiny and translucent skin
poor prognosis

19
Q

Describe cyclic flank alopecia

A

linked to changes in day length
need to rule out HAC and hypoT4 - skin biopsy to diagnose
use melatonin to treat

20
Q

what do you need to rule out with post-clipping alopecia

A

endocrinopathies and severe illness
regorwth 6 months usually

21
Q

List 4 hair synthesis defects

A

Congenital alopecia
Pattern alopecia
Follicular dysplasia
Anagen defluxion/effluvium

22
Q

Describe how to treat hair synthesis defects

A

avoid damage to coat
high quality nutrition- essential FA supplementation
gentle anti-sclaing shampoos
prevent/ treat secondary bacterial infection
protect from sun

23
Q

How do endocrinopathies cause alopecia

A

hair follicle arrest

24
Q

most common cause of bacterial folliculitis in dogs and cats

A

Staphylococcus pseudointermedius

25
Q

how to diagnose bacterial folliculitis

A

impression smear cytology- look fro intracellular bacteria

26
Q

List 3 follicular demodex mites

A

D. canis (dog)
D. injai (dog)
D. cati (cat)

27
Q

Name a demodex surface mite

A

D. gatoi

28
Q

List 3 forms of immune mediated alopecia

A

sebaceous adenitis
dermatomyositis
alopecia areata

29
Q

List 3 edinocrinopathies that can cause hair cycle arrest

A

HAC
hypothyroidism
hyper-oestrogen

30
Q

what do thyroid hormones do to hair cycle growth

A

promote hairs to move from telogen to anagen

stop anagen hairs from moving into catogen

31
Q

what do flame follicles indicate

A

endocrine skin disorders - hyperoestroenism

32
Q

what is a common skin sign of hyperoestrogen

A

linear prepuputial erythema
not always present but when it is, it indicates sertoli cell tumours

33
Q

what are hairless breeds prone to

A

superficial and deep pyoderma

20- SA- Dermatology (21 decks)

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