UKMLA Cardiology Flashcards
What is the 2 week referral indication for a patient with a systolic murmur?
Systolic murmur AND exertional syncope
What is the target INR for a mechanical aortic valve?
3.0
What is the target INR for a mechanical mitral valve?
3.5
What is the mean pressure gradient value for severe aortic stenosis?
> 40 mmHg
What is the valve area value for severe aortic stenosis?
- Valve area of <1.0 cm2
What is the peak velocity across the aortic valve that is consistent for severe aortic stenosis?
- Peak velocity >4 m/sec
What is the most common cause of aortic stenosis?
Senile age-related calcification
Rheumatic heart disease
What type of cardiac hypertrophy is associated with aortic stenosis?
Concentric hypertrophy
What type of murmur is associated with aortic stenosis?
Ejection systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur - radiating to the carotid arteries
On examination what pulse pressure presentation is observed in aortic stenosis?
Narrow pulse pressure
Slow-rising pulse
What happens to the S2 sound in aortic stenosis?
Soft S2
What murmur examination finding is associated with severe disease?
Murmur progression then regression
What is the first line investigation for suspected aortic stenosis?
Echocardiography
Which type of aortic valve replacement is recommended in younger patients?
Metallic valve
What type of hypertrophic remodelling is associated with aortic regurgitation?
Eccentric hypertrophy
