PSA

Question 1

What is a risk factor associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients on bisphosphonates?

Answer 1

poor dental hygiene

Question 2

What are the adverse effects associated with bisphosphonates?

Answer 2

Oesophageal reactions e.g., oesophagitis, ulcers

Osteonecrosis of the jaw

Increased risk of atypical stress fractures

Hypocalcaemia

Question 3

How should bisphosphonates be administered?

Answer 3

30 minutes before breakfast, with water on an empty stomach

Question 4

Prior to bisphosphonate therapy, what should be corrected first?

Answer 4

Correct calcium and vitamin D

Question 5

Why is pioglitazone contraindicated in heart failure?

Answer 5

Causes fluid retention

Question 6

Why is verapamil contraindicated in heart failure?

Answer 6

Exerts a negative inotropic effect

Question 7

Why are NSAIDs not recommended in patients with heart failure?

Answer 7

Causes fluid retention

Question 8

Lifestyle + Metformin - HbA1c target?

Answer 8

48 mmol/mol

Question 9

HbA1c target for sulfonylurea

Answer 9

<53 mmol/mol

Question 10

When should oxygen be delivered in ACS management?

Answer 10

if oxygen saturations are <94%

Question 11

How is fondaparinux administered?

Answer 11

SC injection

Question 12

What is the preferred VTE prophylactic drug?

Answer 12

Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) e.g., enoxaparin

Question 13

Which type of heparin is indicated as VTE prophylaxis in patients with CKD?

Answer 13

Unfractionated heparin (UFH)

Question 14

What are the common adverse effects associated with amlodipine?

Answer 14

Diarrhoea, peripheral oedema, headache,

Question 15

What parameter is used to assess whether the digoxin dose is effective?

Answer 15

Ventricular rate at rest

Question 16

When should the digoxin level be measured post administration?

Answer 16

at least 6 hours after the last dose

Question 17

Which drug is used as an alternative to adenosine, in patients with asthma?

Answer 17

Verapamil

Question 18

Which two investigations are recommended to assess for digoxin toxicity other than digoxin level?

Answer 18

ECG

Urea and electrolytes

Question 19

Which drugs are usually taken at night?

Answer 19

Statins and amitryptiline

Question 20

Which anti-emetic is indicated in patients that have a prolonged QT interval?

Answer 20

Cyclizine

Question 21

Which two/THREE anti-emetics are associated with QT prolongation?

Answer 21

Metoclopramide
Ondanestron
Haloperidol

Question 22

What is the first line drug for the management of shingles?

Answer 22

800 mg acyclovir oral five times daily for 7 days

Question 23

What is the first line pain management for postherpetic neuralgia?

Answer 23

Simple analgesia e.g., paracetamol

Question 24

What is the first line management for fluid resuscitation?

Answer 24

IV crystalloids 500 mL bolus over 15 minutes e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride

Question 25

What effect does ciclosporin have on potassium?

Answer 25

Hyperkalaemia