PSA Flashcards
What is a risk factor associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients on bisphosphonates?
poor dental hygiene
What are the adverse effects associated with bisphosphonates?
Oesophageal reactions e.g., oesophagitis, ulcers
Osteonecrosis of the jaw
Increased risk of atypical stress fractures
Hypocalcaemia
How should bisphosphonates be administered?
30 minutes before breakfast, with water on an empty stomach
Prior to bisphosphonate therapy, what should be corrected first?
Correct calcium and vitamin D
Why is pioglitazone contraindicated in heart failure?
Causes fluid retention
Why is verapamil contraindicated in heart failure?
Exerts a negative inotropic effect
Why are NSAIDs not recommended in patients with heart failure?
Causes fluid retention
Lifestyle + Metformin - HbA1c target?
48 mmol/mol
HbA1c target for sulfonylurea
<53 mmol/mol
When should oxygen be delivered in ACS management?
if oxygen saturations are <94%
How is fondaparinux administered?
SC injection
What is the preferred VTE prophylactic drug?
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) e.g., enoxaparin
Which type of heparin is indicated as VTE prophylaxis in patients with CKD?
Unfractionated heparin (UFH)
What are the common adverse effects associated with amlodipine?
Diarrhoea, peripheral oedema, headache,
What parameter is used to assess whether the digoxin dose is effective?
Ventricular rate at rest
When should the digoxin level be measured post administration?
at least 6 hours after the last dose
Which drug is used as an alternative to adenosine, in patients with asthma?
Verapamil
Which two investigations are recommended to assess for digoxin toxicity other than digoxin level?
ECG
Urea and electrolytes
Which drugs are usually taken at night?
Statins and amitryptiline
Which anti-emetic is indicated in patients that have a prolonged QT interval?
Cyclizine
Which three anti-emetics are associated with QT prolongation?
Metoclopramide
Ondanestron
Haloperidol
What is the first line drug for the management of shingles?
800 mg acyclovir oral five times daily for 7 days
What is the first line pain management for postherpetic neuralgia?
Simple analgesia e.g., paracetamol
What is the first line management for fluid resuscitation?
IV crystalloids 500 mL bolus over 15 minutes e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride