UK Physical Evolving Landscape Flashcards
Geology
Concerned with the solid Earth, rocks of which is composed, and the process by which they change over time
Characteristics of sedimentary
- Layers
- Fossils
- Variety of colour
Characteristics of igneous
- NO fossils
- Formed by molten rock
- Crystals
Characteristics of metamorphic
- High heat and pressure
- May have crystals
Made by other rocks
Formation of sedimentary
Deposited material that have been compacted over time
Formation of igneous
- Made from magma underground or above
- Cools slowly or quickly
- Intrusive or extrusive
Formation of metaomorphic
High heat and pressure
What is mechanical weathering (freeze-thaw weathering)?
- Water enters the cracks in the rocks during day
- When temp drops below 0 water in crack freezes and expands by 10%
- Makes cracks larger, eventually pieces of rock break off
Chemical weathering
Rainwater is slighly acidic - wears away rock
Biological weathering
Plants/animals wear away rocks eg roots growing in cracks
2 types of erosion
Abrasion and plucking
Abrasion (erosion)
As glacier moves downhill, it begins to scrape the rock underneath like sandpaper, leaving striations (scratches)
Plucking
Rocks become frozen into bottom and sides of glacier, as glacier moves, it plucks frozen rocks
3 things that can happen after a glacier
Melt, erratics, drumlins
Melt (after glacier)
Glacier melts = flood = ribbon lakes and misfit streams
Erratics
Large rocks depositied by the glacier, can be carried from an area of diff geology, far away
Drumlins
Mounds of deposited glacial moraine that are visible when glacier melts.
They have a steep and sloping side
Tees-Exe line
Divides highland and lowland, highland areas are above line
Relief
Way landscape changes in height
4 types of erosion
Hydraulic action
Attritioon
Solution
Abrasion
Hydraulic action
Water forced into cracks, pressure leads to erosion
Attrition
Rocks bash into one another and soften each other
Abrasion
Sand and pebbles thrown with force
Solution
Chemicals lead to break down of rocks