UK Evolving Landscape

Question 1

Geology

Answer 1

Concerned with the solid Earth, rocks of which is composed, and the process by which they change over time

Question 2

Characteristics of sedimentary

Answer 2

• Layers
• Fossils
• Variety of colour

Question 3

Characteristics of igneous

Answer 3

• NO fossils
• Formed by molten rock
• Crystals

Question 4

Characteristics of metamorphic

Answer 4

• High heat and pressure
• May have crystals

Made by other rocks

Question 5

Formation of sedimentary

Answer 5

Deposited material that have been compacted over time

Question 6

Formation of igneous

Answer 6

• Made from magma underground or above
• Cools slowly or quickly
• Intrusive or extrusive

Question 7

Formation of metaomorphic

Answer 7

High heat and pressure

Question 8

What is mechanical weathering (freeze-thaw weathering)?

Answer 8

• Water enters the cracks in the rocks during day
• When temp drops below 0 water in crack freezes and expands by 10%
• Makes cracks larger, eventually pieces of rock break off

Question 9

Chemical weathering

Answer 9

Rainwater is slighly acidic - wears away rock

Question 10

Biological weathering

Answer 10

Plants/animals wear away rocks eg roots growing in cracks

Question 11

2 types of erosion

Answer 11

Abrasion and plucking

Question 12

Abrasion (erosion)

Answer 12

As glacier moves downhill, it begins to scrape the rock underneath like sandpaper, leaving striations (scratches)

Question 13

Plucking

Answer 13

Rocks become frozen into bottom and sides of glacier, as glacier moves, it plucks frozen rocks

Question 14

3 things that can happen after a glacier

Answer 14

Melt, erratics, drumlins

Question 15

Melt (after glacier)

Answer 15

Glacier melts = flood = ribbon lakes and misfit streams

Question 16

Erratics

Answer 16

Large rocks depositied by the glacier, can be carried from an area of diff geology, far away

Question 17

Drumlins

Answer 17

Mounds of deposited glacial moraine that are visible when glacier melts.
They have a steep and sloping side

Question 18

Tees-Exe line

Answer 18

Divides highland and lowland, highland areas are above line

Question 19

Relief

Answer 19

Way landscape changes in height

Question 20

4 types of erosion

Answer 20

Hydraulic action
Attritioon
Solution
Abrasion

Question 21

Hydraulic action

Answer 21

Water forced into cracks, pressure leads to erosion

Question 22

Attrition

Answer 22

Rocks bash into one another and soften each other

Question 23

Abrasion

Answer 23

Sand and pebbles thrown with force

Question 24

Solution

Answer 24

Chemicals lead to break down of rocks

Question 25

Discordant coastline

Answer 25

Soft rock easilt eroded, hard rock erodes slowly, layers are perpendicular to sea

Question 26

Features of discordant coastline

Answer 26

Headlands (hard) and bays (soft)

Question 27

Cove

Answer 27

Hard rock is eroded after many yrs and reaches soft rock which is eroded

Question 28

Concordant coastline

Answer 28

Erosion through hard, then ssoft, then hard