Uk Challenges (Paper 3) Flashcards

Question

What are the advantages of building on brownfield sites?

Answer 1

+Services such as water, electricity and sewage are already in place +Helps revive old and disused urban areas +Reduces the loss of countryside or land that might be put to agricultural or recreational use

Answer 2

-Sometimes surrounded by run-down areas so isn't appealing to buyers -Higher levels of pollution meaning it's a less healthy environment -More expensive to develop on as old buildings need to be cleared first

Answer 3

A protected area, they have been set up since the 1950s and they are to protect countryside, heritage, wildlife and habitats in these locations e.g. Snowdonia

Answer 4

300,000 and will increase to 1.2 million by 2080

Answer 5

Dams - barriers cinstructed to hold back water in artificial lakes Channelisation - deepening and/or straightening the channel

Answer 6

Floodplain zoning - land is allocated for different uses depending on the flood risk Afforestation - Trees are planted to reduce flooding by trees absorbing water

Answer 7

-Storm surges (high tide in a storm) -Rising sea levels (climate change, 40 cm extra by 2100)

Answer 8

Barriers constructed to protect cliffs against erosion +Often include walkways -Expensive to maintain

Answer 9

Boulders force waves to break dissipating energy and reducing cliff erosion +Quickly put in place, cheap to maintain -Can impede access to beach and doesn't fit with local geology

Answer 10

Stops longshore drift by trapping sediment and so the beach widnes +Quick to construct and makes a bigger beach -Effects movement of sediemnt so can create issues further down the coast by causing an increase rate of erosion

Answer 11

Plant vegetation and roots hold the sand together +Natural and cheap to do -May look out of place in the sand

Answer 12

Beach can absorb more wave energy and portect coast +Easy and cheap to maintain, sediment is obtained locally -Won't last long if subject to strong storms, needs constant maintenance, restricts access to beach

Answer 13

-Rising sea levels which causes an increase in flooding. The annual costs of flooding are estimated to rise from £2 billion to £12 billion by 2080 -Mleting glaciers -Extreme weather events. This could lead to an increase in illness putting preasure on the NHS Changes in average rainfall patterns -Seasons changing causes distruction of animal habitats and biodiversity to suffer -Disrupted food supply chain

Answer 14

Burning 1.9 million tonnes of oil whereas 2017 it was 5.7 million tonnes

Answer 15

A massive dome of magma developed. As the magma cooled it contracted to form granite and cracks. Weaker joints mean freeze thaw occured and overtime more and more granite was exposed to air. Overtime leaving the largest blocks behind called Tors.

Answer 16

75 million years ago Britain was covered in warm, tropical seas where lots of marine deposits were formed on the sea bed. Large earth movements caused the sea bed to be folded and deformed upwards creating a large Chalk covered dome. Water eroded the chalk away revealing sandstone and clay creating escarpments. A steep slope is made of svarp slope, a more gentle one is know as a dip slope.

Answer 17

85% of National Park is farmed with approximately 1,100 farm businesses operating. As the underlying geology is chalk the soil is well drained and so the grass whcih grows is short and rich in nutrients - ideal for sheep grazing and training race horses, this is the case for most of the norther areas of the south downs. On the lower, more southern slopes of the south downs the soils are deeper and so are used for growin crops such as wheat and barley

Answer 18

+Income generated, crops help support rare birds such as skylarks and the many hedgerows also create habitats for bats -Changes in farming practices have reduced some arable plants which impacts some habitats, chemicals have been used in farming which damages the land and in more recent years less sheep have been grazed which leads to scrub encroachment (invasion of bushes)

Answer 19

The south downs has a mixture of deciduous and coniferous woodland which covers 24% of the park. The distribution of the woodland is uneven, with the west being more heavily wooded than th east. Most of the trees have been cleared by humans called deforestation.

Answer 20

+Many of the ancient trees provide habitats for a diverse range of wildlide and the timber which is harvested from the woodland meets the growing demand in the construction industry and fuel for heating -The removal of woodland for new developments threatens some of the wildood trees (oldest woodland) such as the large leaved lime trees. Many of the Hazel and Chestnut trees are also under threat so the biodiversity of the ares is reduced

Answer 21

Settlements were built along the south sloped with shelter from the naturally formed slope. These settlements are known as spring-line settlements The population of the south downs is 120,000 (2016) making it the most populated National Park in the UK. It has a population density of 74 people per km2 (2016). It is also home to some of the largest market towns in the UK including Lewes, Petersfield and Midhurst whic are predominantly built from local building materials. More recently however, these settlements have been extended and sometimes these newer developments are not in keeping with the traditional styles of buildings so some local distinctiveness has been lost.