Coasts (Paper 1)

Question 1

By how much does water expand when it freezes?

Answer 1

10%

Question 2

Example of a headland?

Answer 2

Studland (chalk)

Question 3

Example of a bay?

Answer 3

Swanage Bay

Question 4

Example of a cave/arch/stack ect?

Answer 4

Old Harry’s Rock

Question 4

Example of a spit?

Answer 4

Spurn Point

Question 5

Example of a bar?

Answer 5

Slapton Sands

Question 6

Example of a wave cut platform?

Answer 6

Southern down, Wales

Question 7

By how much does the Holderness Coast retreat by each year?

Answer 7

2 metres

Question 8

How many villages have been lost from the Holderness Coastline since the Roman times?

Answer 8

23

Question 9

What is the name of the coastal defence at Mappleton on the Holderness Coast?

Answer 9

Groynes/Rip Rap

Question 10

Name an example of a discordant coastline.

Answer 10

The Jurassic Coast

Question 11

Name an example of a concordant coastline.

Answer 11

Whiet Cliffs of Dover

Question 12

In which direction is the prevailing wind in the UK?

Answer 12

South-Westerly

Question 13

Along the English Channel, how much has the sea level risen by in the past 100 years?

Answer 13

12 cm

Question 14

The North Sea storm surge happened in which year?

Answer 14

1953

Question 15

How many tourists visit Dawlish Warren spit each year?

Answer 15

480,000

Question 16

What % of jobs at Dawlish were in tourism in 2016?

Answer 16

13%

Question 17

In what year were the first wooden groynes installed on the beach at Dawlish?

Answer 17

1959

Question 18

How high are sea walls built?

Answer 18

3-5 metres

Question 19

How much does a wooden groyne cost per metre?

Answer 19

£2000

Question 20

How much does beach nourishment cost per metre?

Answer 20

£2000

Question 21

Name a location that has beach nourishment.

Answer 21

Slapton Sands

Question 22

What is rock fall?

Answer 22

When pieces of rock fall from the rock below eroding away so it is unsupported.

Question 23

What is slumping?

Answer 23

Rain seeps through permeable rock. At the junction with an impermeable rock, the saturated soil and weaker rock slumps in a rotational manner along a curved face.

Question 24

What is sliding?

Answer 24

Similar to slumping but material moves along a surface usually bedding plane.

Question 25

Name the 3 types of hard engineering.

Answer 25

-Sea Wall e.g. Torcross -Groynes e.g. Mappleton -Rip Rap e.g. Torcross/Mappleton

Question 26

What are the pros and cons of Sea Walls?

Answer 26

+Protects cliff against erosion +Often includes walkways -Unaesthetic (concrete structure) -Expensive to build and maintain (£5000-£10,000 per m)

Question 27

What are pros and cons of Groynes?

Answer 27

+Quick to construct +Stop longshore drift so they trap sediment and widen the beach +£10,000 each (mid range cost) +Bigger beach = more tourists -Effects movement of sediment so can create issues further down the coast increasing rate of erosion

Question 28

What are the pros and cons of Rip Rap?

Answer 28

+Boulders force waves to break dissipating energy and reducing cliff erosion +Quick to put in place +Cheap to maintain -Transport costs high, rocks usually imported -Do not fit with local geology -Expensive (£1000 per m)

Question 29

Name the 2 types of soft engineering.

Answer 29

-Beach nourishment e.g Slapton Sands -Managed Retreat/ Coastal realignment e.g. Spurn Head

Question 30

What are the pros and cons of Beach nourishment?

Answer 30

+Beach can absorb more wave energy and protect coast +Sediment obtained locally so fits in (attractive) +Easy and cheap to maintain (£100 per m) -Won't last long if subject to strong storms -Needs constant maintenance -Restricts access to beach

Question 31

What are the pros and cons of Mananged retreat/Coastal realignment?

Answer 31

+Natural process +Allows for increased habitats -Impacts function of coastline