UH OH WHATS THAT THE CLEP FAIRY???

Question 1

The means through which power is acquired and exercised by some people and groups is a. government.

b. the economy.
c. politics.
d. the military.
e. family.

Answer 1

Through Political Power.

Groups and individuals seek political power in order to control access to scarce resources.

Question 2

What is a manifest function

Answer 2

Recognized and intended cinsequences that people observe or expect in a social pattern/ social institution.

Question 3

Structional Funcitonalism

Answer 3

Society is a complex system whose parts promote solidarity and stablity

Question 4

“Proper” attitudes toward education, socially approved dress and manners, knowledge about books, art, music, and other forms of high and popular culture are all examples of
a. cultural mystique.

b. the proper social grace.
c. accumulated social wisdom.
d. cultural capital.
e. cultural materialism.

Answer 4

Cultural Capital

Question 5

Assignment of students to specific courses and educational programs based on their test scores, previous grades, or both is
a. age grading.

b. intelligence grouping.
c. tracking.
d. ability integration.
e. nepotism.

Answer 5

Tracking

Question 6

The type of social arrangement in which people are able to gain higher positions based on their intellectual and educational credentials rather than through the influence of personal contacts is
a tracking orientation.

b. a credentialist orientation.
c. a meritocracy.
d. an educational bureaucracy.
e. a spoils system.

Answer 6

a meritocracy.

Question 7

The study of the causes and distribution of health, disease, and impairment throughout a population is
a. social epidemiology.

b. social welfare.
c. social engineering.
d. social biology.
e. health demography.

Answer 7

social epidemiology.

Question 8

Who are the working poor?
a. People who live from just above to just below the poverty line

b. Seldom employed individuals who are caught in long-term deprivation because of low education, low employability, low income, and low self-esteem
c. Skilled and semi-skilled machine operators who work in factories and elsewhere
d. Those who live on the margins of society, are frequently homeless, and have little hope for the future
e. People who make $50,000 a year or less

Answer 8

People who live from just above to just below the poverty line

Question 9

Which of the following BEST expresses the functionalist explanation of social inequality?

a. Powerful people are able to shape and distribute the rewards, resources, privileges, and opportunities in society.
b. Positions that are most important for the survival of society must be filled by the most qualified people who are highly rewarded.
c. The presence of inequality in a society does not serve as a motivating force for people.
d. The core values of society support social inequality.
e. Most inequality is the result of patriarchy.

Answer 9

Positions that are most important for the survival of society must be filled by the most qualified people who are highly rewarded.

Question 10

For the upper class, wealth most often is the result of

a. job training.
b. hard work.
c. inheritance.
d. education.
e. salaries and benefits.

Answer 10

inheritance

Question 11

Karl Marx’s term for government, schools, churches, and all other social institutions that produce and disseminate ideas that perpetuate the existing system of exploitation is society’s
a. substructure.

b. superstructure.
c. ecostructure.
d. basic structure.
e. class structure.

Answer 11

superstructure

Question 12

The respect or regard with which a person is regarded by others is
a. wealth.

b. power.
c. status.
d. authority.
e. prestige.

Answer 12

prestige

Question 13

All of the following are shared by members of the same ethnic groups, EXCEPT
a. unique cultural traits.

b. a feeling of ethnocentrism.
c. a common educational level.
d. territoriality.
e. a common language.

Answer 13

common education levels

Question 14

What do sociologists term a group that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights within a society?

a. Majority
b. Minority
c. Superior
d. Powerful
e. Social class

Answer 14

Majority

Question 15

A negative attitude based on faulty generalizations about members of selected racial, ethnic, or other groups is referred to as

Answer 15

prejudice.

Question 16

At birth, male and female infants are distinguished by the genitalia used in the reproductive process, which are referred to as
a. gonads and fallopian tubes.

b. primary sex characteristics.
c. secondary sex characteristics.
d. biological tendencies.
e. tertiary sex characteristics.

Answer 16

b. primary sex characteristics.

Question 17

The culturally and socially constructed differences between females and males found in the meanings, beliefs, and practices associated with “femininity” and “masculinity” are known as
a. gender.

b. sex.
c. primary sexual identifiers.
d. secondary sexual identifiers.
e. behaviorism.

Answer 17

a. gender.

Question 18

In the United States, males traditionally are expected to demonstrate aggressiveness, whereas females are expected to be passive and nurturing, which illustrates the concept of
a. sexual identity.

b. gender identity.
c. gender role.
d. biological role.
e. correct behavior.

Answer 18

gender role

Question 19

What is Emile Durkheim’s term for the social cohesion found in industrial societies, in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence?

a. Mechanical solidarity
b. Status-oriented bonding
c. High-technology bonding
d. Organic solidarity
e. Bodily solidarity

Answer 19

d. Organic solidarity

Question 20

In Herbert Gans’ typology of urban dwellers, those who live in tightly knit neighborhoods that resemble small towns are

a. cosmopolites.
b. ethnic villagers.
c. yuppies.
d. buppies.
e. natives.

Answer 20

b. ethnic villagers.

Question 21

A continuous concentration of two or more cities and their suburbs that have grown until they form an interconnected urban area is a
a. megalopolis.

b. central metropolitan area.
c. census district.
d. suburban complex.
e. coastal area.

Answer 21

megalopolis.

Question 22

According to Robert Merton’s strain theory, what occurs when people accept society’s goals but adopt disapproved means for achieving them?

a. Conformity
b. Innovation
c. Rebellion
d. Ritualism
e. Retreatism

Answer 22

innovation

Question 23

The statement “The greater the degree of social harm, the more the offender should be punished” reflects the principle of

a. retribution.
b. social protection.
c. rehabilitation.
d. deterrence.
e. restitution.

Answer 23

Retribution-which means the punishment fits the crime

Question 24

People who are satisfied with their present condition are LESS likely to seek social change, according to the theory of

a. value-added.
b. resource mobilization.
c. functionalist.
d. relative deprivation.
e. symbolic interactionist.

Answer 24

relative deprivation- which means As peoples’ expectations rise, they become dissatisfied if they believe they are not receiving their fair share, or if they think that change is not occurring quickly enough.

Question 25

Voluntary, often spontaneous activity that is engaged in by a large number of people and that typically violates dominant group norms and values is
a. social change.

b. organizational behavior.
c. institutional behavior.
d. collective behavior.
e. conformity.

Answer 25

collective behavior.

Question 26

The situation in which a teenage boy receives advice from his older sister about how to act on a first date is an example of
a. sociobiology.

b. acculturation.
c. socialization.
d. high self-esteem.
e. deskilling.

Answer 26

Socialization

Question 27

The first U.S. departments of sociology were established atThe first U.S. departments of sociology were established at
a. Columbia University and Spellman College.

b. Harvard University and Yale University.
c. University of Chicago and Atlanta University.
d. Howard University and Brown University.
e. Princeton University and the University of Texas.

Answer 27

University of Chicago and Atlanta University

Question 28

George Herbert Mead is one of the founders of the
a. conflict perspective.

b. symbolic interaction perspective.
c. functionalist perspective.
d. feminist perspective.
e. social control perspective.

Answer 28

symbolic interaction perspective.

Question 29

The role of a health club or golf club as a meeting ground for people seeking new business contacts is an example of

a. a dialectical function.
b. a manifest function.
c. a latent function.
d. a dysfunction.
e. an opportunistic function.

Answer 29

Latent function

Question 30

Latent function

Answer 30

is an unintended or hidden function of an institution or organization.

Question 31

Which is true of gemeinschaft communities?
a. Interactions are highly impersonal.

b. Dealing with others is considered a means to an end.
c. They are an urban rather than a rural social pattern.
d. They are noted for their homogeneous populations.
e. Social interaction is valued for its own sake.

Answer 31

e. Social interaction is valued for its own sake.