Uge 40 - The induced responses of innate immunity Flashcards
PRR
Pattern Recognition Receptors. Receptors that recognize PAMPs, including mannose binding proteins, C-reactive protein and TLRs.
PAMP
pathogen associated molecular patterns. examples include dsRNA and viral proteins
Phagocyte
a cell that ingests and destroys (digests) foreign matter or microorganisms
Macrophages
Found within the lymph nodes and other places, they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria, cancer cells, and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream.
Granulocytes
phagocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Neutrophils
Most abundant white blood cell., The most abundant type of white blood cell. Phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their life span to a few days.
dendritic cells
phagocytes - conventional Des and plasmacytoid DCs
Process ingested microbes in order to generate peptide antigens that can activate the T cell response and induce adaptive immunity
TLRs
Toll like receptors (a type of PRR)
induce a diverse range of intracellular responses leading to activation of transcription factors. Fx NF-kB
Also activate interferon regulatory factor (IRF)
TLR4 recognizes
LPS of gram negative bacteria
NOD-like receptors
cytoplasmic receptors for recognition of pathogens
Activate NF-kB
NF-kB
initiate pro-inflammatory respopnse
RIG-I-like recognizes
cytoplasmic viral RNAs
What recognizes cytoplasmic viral RNAs
RIG-I-like receptor, which activate MAVS
cGAS
sensor viral DNA og signal trough STING to activate type I IFN responses
cytokines
Chemicals released by the immune system communicate with the brain.
chemokines
induce migration of leukocytes
Inflammations threes roles
deliver additional effector molecules and cells, induce local blood clotting and promote the repair of injured
Neutrophils way to inflamed tissue
Step 1: Selectin induces leucocyte rolling along the endothelium
Step 2: Integrin activation by chemokine. LFA-1 and CR3 interact with adhesion molecules such as ICAMs.
Step 3: Exstravasation or crossing of the endothelium
Step 4: Migration to the site of infection through the gradient of chemokine
TNF-alpha stimulates
- expression of adhesion molecules
- endothelial cells to produce proteins that trigger blood clotting
Hvor mange interferons familier er der
3
Type I: IFN-alpha og IFN-beta og andre
Type II: IFN-gamma
Type III: IFNs-lambda
Hvad gør interferoner
Hjælper mod viral infektion. inducere resistens til viral replikation
IFN-alpha og IFN-beta signalere via STAT1 og STAT2
NK celler aktiveres af
interferoner type I og cytokiner frigivet fra makrofager
Hvordan kender NK forskel på raske og syge celler
De har activating og inhiberings receptorerer som kan vurdere om cellen er syg eller ej
