Uge 40 - The induced responses of innate immunity

Question 1

PRR

Answer 1

Pattern Recognition Receptors. Receptors that recognize PAMPs, including mannose binding proteins, C-reactive protein and TLRs.

Question 2

PAMP

Answer 2

pathogen associated molecular patterns. examples include dsRNA and viral proteins

Question 3

Phagocyte

Answer 3

a cell that ingests and destroys (digests) foreign matter or microorganisms

Question 4

Macrophages

Answer 4

Found within the lymph nodes and other places, they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria, cancer cells, and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream.

Question 5

Granulocytes

Answer 5

phagocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 6

Neutrophils

Answer 6

Most abundant white blood cell., The most abundant type of white blood cell. Phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their life span to a few days.

Question 7

dendritic cells

Answer 7

phagocytes - conventional Des and plasmacytoid DCs

Process ingested microbes in order to generate peptide antigens that can activate the T cell response and induce adaptive immunity

Question 8

TLRs

Answer 8

Toll like receptors (a type of PRR)

induce a diverse range of intracellular responses leading to activation of transcription factors. Fx NF-kB

Also activate interferon regulatory factor (IRF)

Question 9

TLR4 recognizes

Answer 9

LPS of gram negative bacteria

Question 10

NOD-like receptors

Answer 10

cytoplasmic receptors for recognition of pathogens

Activate NF-kB

Question 11

NF-kB

Answer 11

initiate pro-inflammatory respopnse

Question 12

RIG-I-like recognizes

Answer 12

cytoplasmic viral RNAs

Question 13

What recognizes cytoplasmic viral RNAs

Answer 13

RIG-I-like receptor, which activate MAVS

Question 14

cGAS

Answer 14

sensor viral DNA og signal trough STING to activate type I IFN responses

Question 15

cytokines

Answer 15

Chemicals released by the immune system communicate with the brain.

Question 16

chemokines

Answer 16

induce migration of leukocytes

Question 17

Inflammations threes roles

Answer 17

deliver additional effector molecules and cells, induce local blood clotting and promote the repair of injured

Question 18

Neutrophils way to inflamed tissue

Answer 18

Step 1: Selectin induces leucocyte rolling along the endothelium

Step 2: Integrin activation by chemokine. LFA-1 and CR3 interact with adhesion molecules such as ICAMs.

Step 3: Exstravasation or crossing of the endothelium

Step 4: Migration to the site of infection through the gradient of chemokine

Question 19

TNF-alpha stimulates

Answer 19

• expression of adhesion molecules
• endothelial cells to produce proteins that trigger blood clotting

Question 20

Hvor mange interferons familier er der

Answer 20

3

Type I: IFN-alpha og IFN-beta og andre

Type II: IFN-gamma

Type III: IFNs-lambda

Question 21

Hvad gør interferoner

Answer 21

Hjælper mod viral infektion. inducere resistens til viral replikation

IFN-alpha og IFN-beta signalere via STAT1 og STAT2

Question 22

NK celler aktiveres af

Answer 22

interferoner type I og cytokiner frigivet fra makrofager

Question 23

Hvordan kender NK forskel på raske og syge celler

Answer 23

De har activating og inhiberings receptorerer som kan vurdere om cellen er syg eller ej