UE Rach & Grasp Flashcards
Charachertistics of UE use & Function
Support Manipulation Balance Expression Tool Emotional release Propulsion
Motor aspects of reach & grasp Require
Balanced muscle tone of / and flexion
Strength
Coordination
Activation of muscles to stabilize scapula
Mobility in hand for grasp/release
Activation of muscles at sh, elbow & wrist for transport
Transport
Trajectory of arm between starting position & object -finger position
Manipulation
Formation of grip by combined thumb & finger motions
*Need both transport and manipulation for smooth function
Finger to palm translation
A linear mvmt of an object from the fingers to the palm of the hand (picking up coins)
Palm to finger translation
w/ stablilization a linear mvmt of an object from the palm of the fand to the fingers (placing coins in a slot)
Simple rotation
The turning or rolling of an object held at the finer pads approximately 90 degress or less fingers act as a unit (unscrewing a bottle cap)
Shift
A linear mvmt of an object from the finger surfaces to allow for repositioning of the object relative to the finger pads (separating 2 pieces of paper)
Complex rotation
The rotation of an object 360 degrees (turning a pencil over to erase)
In hand minpulation w/ stabilization
Several objects are held in the hand and minipulated while simutabeously stabalizing the others
Material Based Occupation
Wu & Associates
Materials vs imagery based occupation
Matterial based leads to: increassed reaction time, mvmt time, and muscle activity
Image based occupation involves
“make believe or props instead of real objects and is much less effective for reganing motor control & coordinatied functional hand use
Function
Coupling btw : Trunk, scapula & arm for effective reach toward targets
Normal UE Movement
Hand initiates any mvmt sequence
Preshaping of fingers occurs for grasping objects
Grip formation develops btw 10-22 weeks
Infants reach for and intercept objects before that but w/o preshaping
Characteristics in abnormal tone =
Changed characteristics in: head, trunk, UE
Making initation of reach difficult
Important link btw biomechanical & neural control mechaniscims
Grasp varies according to
an objects location size and shape
2 types of grip
Power & Precision
Requierments for Grasp
Hand must adapt to shape
Size
Use of object
Finger motions must be timed in relation to transport of object
Factors affecting pregrasp hand shaping
Intrinisic
Extrinsic
Coordination of reach & grasp requires transport of the hand to be coordinated w/ the shaping of the fingers
Key Components of UE control
locating a target involves coordinated mvmt of eyes, head, & trunk
Reach involves transportation of the arm & hand in space as well as postural support
Grasp, including grip formation, grasp & release
In-hand manipulaton skills
Neuro pathology often involves loss of
cordinated coupling btw synergist ms & jts
Disruption in coordination of mvmt affects
timing & trajectory of mvmt
Neuro pathology also affects
time of mvmt
Impaired anticipatory hand shapping results in
inaccurate hand closure around target
